1853-4. 



THE 



FOR THE 

CITY OF NEW YORK; 

OB, 

WHAT TO SEE, AND HOW TO SEE IT. 




i%s-l 



CHOTCN KESERVOIH. 



C. S. Ei"^i}els & Go., ^53 ^iro^Sbo^lj. 



.FKANCIS'S 

NEW GUIDE 



TO THE CITIES OP 

NEW-YORK AND BROOKLYN, 

AND THE VICINITY: 

GIVING A FULL 

DIKCRIPTION OF THE METROPOLIS AND ITS ENVIRONS, 
WITH A PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS OF BENEVOLENCE, LEAKN- 

ING, SCIENCE, ART, LITERATURE, BUSINESS AND 

RECREATION, 

C^urcfjts, pottle, JSanfes, €iteatxcs, &e., 

TABLES OF DISTANCE, AND THE VARIOUS METHODS OF CONVEYANCa 
IN AND FROM THE CITIES AND THE NEIGHBORHOOD. 



WITH MAPS, AND NUMEROUS ENORAYINGS. 



NEW- YORK : 

C. S. FRANCIS & CO., 252 BROADWAY. 

1854. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by 

C. S. FRANCIS & CO., 

In the Clerk's Ofi&ce of the District Court of the United States for the 

Southern District of New- York. 






■/•?/ 






CONTENTS, 



PAGE 

Early History of New-York 13 

Bird's-Eye View 21 

Environs of New-Y^ork 28 

Public Buildings 38 

Miscellaneous Places worth visiting 51 

Public Squares 62, 124 

Principal Benevolent Institutions 65, 121 

Literary Institutions 73 

Theological Institutions 75 

Medical Institutions 76 

Mechanics' Institutions 76 

Picture Galleiues and Institutions of the Fine 

Arts 77 

Daguerreotypes 79 

Places of Amusement 80 

Hotels 85 

Private Residences 89 

Markets 91 

The Novelty Works 93 

The Ferries 94 

Railroads 96 

Omnibuses and Rail-buses 97, 129, 131 

ExprxEssEs 98 

11 ackney-Coacues 99 

The Churchi-s of New York 102 

Summary of Congregations 102 

New-York Pulpit 103 

Description of Churches 105 

Education — Public and Ward Schools 117 

Antiquities of New- York 119 



IV 



CONTENTS. 



Banks 120 

Benevolent Societies , . 121 

Miscellaneous Items 124 

Omnibus Routes axd City Cars 129, 131 

Location of Piers 132 

Tables of Distances in New- York and Brook- 
lyn 127,128,148 

The Crystal Palace 133 

City ok Brooklyn 137 

Churches in Brooklyn 142 

Greenwood Cemetery. ». 147 



LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. 



1. View in Broadway (Prontis.) 

2. Distributing Reservoir, 51 

3. Sir H. Clinton's House, 20 

4. City Hall, 3S 

5. Halls of Justice, 40 

6. Custom-IIouse, 41 

7. Merchants' Exchange, 42 

8. New-York University, 44 

9. Free Academy, 45 

10. Astor Library, 46 

11. New Bible House, 48 

12. State Arsenal, 54 

13. Asylum for the Blind, 68 

14. Asylum for Orphans, 69 

15. Penitentiary, 71 

16. Trinity Church, 105 

17. St. Mark's Church, 106 

18. Baptist Church, 109 



19. St. Patrick's Cathedral, 109 

20. Dutch Reformed Church, 112 

21. Fourth Universalist Church, 113 

22. Presbyterian Church, 113 

23. Church of Messiah, 113 

24. St. Thomas's Church, 114 

25. Floating Chapel, 114 

26. Ch. of Holy Communion, 115 

27. French Church, 116 

28. Synagogue, 117 

29. Frankfort street Church, 119 

30. Walton House, 119 

31. Old Dutch House, 120 

32. Union and National Banks, 120 

33. Crystal Palace, 133 

34. Bookstore, 13G 

35. Church of the Saviour, 143 

36. Shield's Monmnent, 14T 



INDEX. 



Academy, Free, 45 

Academy, National, of Design, 77 

Albany Boats, 95, 96 

Almshouse Department, 72 

Amusement, Places of, SO 

Antiquities of New-York, 119 

Arsenal, 54 

Association, Young Men's Chris- 
tian, 70 

Astoria, 29, 95 

Astor Library, 46 

Asylum for Aged Females, 69 

Asylum for Insane, 69 

Asylum, Leake and Watts' Or- 
phan, 69 

Asylum, Magdalen, 69 

Asylum, New- York Orphan, 69 

Banks, 120 

Battery, 62 
Bible House, 4S 
Bird's-Eye View, 21 
Blackwell's Island, 71 
Blind, Institution for, 68 
Bloomingdale, 32 
Bookstore, 136 
Bowling Green, 63 
Bridge, High, 54 
British Ejnigrant Board, 121 
Brooklyn, City of, 13T 
Buildings, Public, 38 

Cars, City, 131 
Cemetery, Greenwood, 147 

1* 



Churches in New-Yckk, 102 

Baptist, First, 109 

Dutch Reformed, 111, 112 

Floating Chapel, 114 

French Church, 116 

Grace Church, 110 

Holy Communion, Church of 
the, 115 

Holy Redeemer, Church of the, 
109 

Jews' Synagogues, 116 

Messiah, Church of the, 113 

Presbyterian, Fifth Avenue, 116 

Presbyterian, First, 110 

Presbyterian, University PL, 118 

St. George's, 107 

St John's Chapel, 108 

St. Mark's, 106 

St. Patrick's Cathedral, 109 

St. Paul's Chapel, 107 

St. Thomas', 114 

Trinity Chapel, 117 

Trinity Church, 105 

Universalist, Fourth, 112 

Church, an old, 119 
Churches in Brooklyn, 142 

Christ's Church, 144 

Dutch Reformed, 144, 145 

Grace Church, 143 

Holy Trinity, Church of the, 143 

Pilgrims, Church of the, 142 

Plymouth Church, 145 

Presbyterian, First, 145 

Presbyterian, Second, 146 



VI 



INDEX. 



Saviour, Church of the, 143 

St. Ann's:, 146 
Climate, 2S 
Coaches, Hackney, 99 
College, Columbia, 45 
Colleae, New-Y'ork Medical, 7G 
C^jli.'ge of Physicians and Siu'- 

geons, 75 
coxgregations, sumj[aky of, 102,142 

Dagcerrbotypes, 79 
Deaf and Dumb, Institution for, 68 
Dearman, 36 

Description, General, of New- 
York, 26 
Dispensary, Demiit, 67 
Dispensary, Eastern, 67 
Dispensary, New- York, 67 
Dispensary, Northern, 67 
Distances, Tables of, 127, 128, 148 
Dobb's Ferry, 86 
Dock, Atlantic, 141 
Dock, Naval Dry, 61, 141 
Dock, Sectional, 59 
Dusseldorf Gallery, 78 

Early History of New- York, 13 
Education, 117 
Elizabethport, 34 
Elizabethtown, 33 
Environs of New- York, 28 
Exchange, Merchants', 42 
Excursions, 86 
Expresses, 98 

Ferries, 94 

Fire Department, New-l^ork, 123 

Flatbush, 30 

Flushing, 29 

Fort Hamilton, 30 

Fort Lee, 35 

Forts and Fortifications, 60, 189 

Galleries, Picture, 77 
Galleiy, Bryan, 78 
Gallery, Dusseldorf, 78 
Garden, Castle, 82 
Greenwood Cemetery, 147 

Hall, City, 38, 189 
HaSl of Records, 40 
Halls of Justice, 40 
Harlem, 32 
Harsimus, 31 
Hastings, 36 



Hippodrome, Franconi's, 83 
History, Early, of New- York, 13 
Hoboken, 31 
Horses, Census of, 124 
Hospital, New- York, 65 
Hospital, Quarantine, 67 
Hotels in New- York, 85 

Astor House, 8G 

Bixby's, 86 

Clarendon, 87 

Frencli's, bO 

Irving, SO 

Kemble, 88 

La Farge, 88 

Metropolitan, 86 

Prescott, 88 

St. Denis, 88 

St. Nicholas, 87 
Hotels in Brooklyn, 140 
House, An Old Dutch, 12!) 
House, An Elegant Private, 141 

Institutions, Benevolent, 65, 121 
(&'ee under Asylum, Dispensary, 
Hospital, and Societies ) 
Institutions, Literary, 73 

(6'ce under College, Library, and 
Lyceum ) 
Institutions, Medical, 75 
Institutions, Mechanics', 76 
Institute, American, 76 
Institute, Mechanics', 77 
Institute, New- York Law, 74 
Islands, Blackwell's, Ward's, and 

Randall's, 71 
Island, Staten, 30 
Items, Miscellaneous, 124 

Jamaica, 29 
Jersey City, 31 

Landscape Painters, 78 
Library, Apprentices', 46 
Library, Astor, 46 
Library, Mercantile, 73 
Lyceum of Natural History, 74 
Lyceum, Wallack's, 81 
Lyceum, Brooklyn, 140 

Manhattanville, 32 
Mansion, An Old, 119 
Markets in New- York, 91 
Market, Catherine, 92 

Centre, 92 

Chelaea, 92 



INDEX. 



VU 



JTarket, Fulton, 92 

JefiFerson, 93 

Tompkins, 93 

Washington, 92 
Miniature Painters, 78 
Minstrels, Christy's, 85 
Minstrels, Wood's, 85 
Museum, Barnum's American, 81 
Museum, Egyptian, 82 

Navy Yard, 141 

Newark, 32 
New-Brighton, 30 
New-Brunswick, 34 
Newspapers, New-York, 101 
Niblo's Opera-House, 81 
Novelty Works, 93 

Observatory, The Latting, 83 
Omnibuses and Kail-buses, 97, 129, 

131 
Omnibus Routes, 131 
Opera-House, Niblo's, 84 
Oysteries, 91 

Packet and Clipper Ships, 58 
Palace, The Crystal, 133 
Park, The, 62 
Park, Gramercy, 65 
Park, Union, 64 
Parks, other City, 125 
Passaic Falls and Paterson, 34 
Pavements, 124 
Perth Amboy, 85 
Piermont, 36 
Piers, Location of, 182 
Places, Miscellaneous, worth vis- 
iting, 51 
Porters, Public, 99 
Portrait Painters, 78 
Post Office, 43, 139 
Printing Office, The Tribune, 101 
Pulpit, The New-York, 103 

Rahway, 33 
Railroad, Harlem, 97 

Hudson River, 96 

New-York and New-Haven, 97 

Long Island, 148 
Rail-Cars, City, 131 
Refectories, 91 
Residences, Private, 89 
Restaurant Saloons, 90 
River Boats, 58, 95 
Rockaway Beach, 29 



Rotunda, 43 

Schools, Public and Ward, 117 
School, University Medical, 75 
Seminary, Theological, Protestant 

Episcopal, 75 
Seminary, Theological, Union, 75 
Ship Yards, 59 
Societies, Benevolent, 65, 121 

British Protection Emigrant 
Board, 121 

French Benevolent, 121 

German Benevolent, 121 

German Mutual Assistance, 121 

German, of the City of New- 
York, 122 

Hebrew, Benevolent, 122 
" Hibernian, 122 

I. 0. of 0. F., 121 

Irish Emigrant, 122 

Italian Benevolent, 122 

Marine, 122 

New-England, 122 

New-York Historical, 74 

St. Andrew's, 123 

St. David's, 123 

St. George's, 123 

St. Nicholas, 123 

St. Patrick, Friendly Sons of, 121 
Squares, Public, 62, 124 

Hudson, 63 

Stuyvesant, 65 

Tompkins, 64 

Washington, 64 
Stage Lines, 127 
Steam Marine, 55 

Theatre, Bowery, 80 

Broadway, 80 

Burton's, 81 
Theological Institutions, 73 

University of the City of New- 
York, 44 
University Medical School, 75 

Wallack's Lyceimi, 81 
Wards, Boundaries of, 125 
Washing and Bathing Establish- 
ment, 70 
Weehawken, 32 
Williamsburg, 28 

Yonkers, 35 

Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion, 70 



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A SKETCH 



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T was the custom 
of the Atlantic 
tribes of North 
American Indians 
to resort to the sea- 
,coast during the summer 
months, where they spent 
^ their time in the peace- 
^ ful employments of liunt- 
ing and fishing; leaving the 
sterner occupations of war for 
the secret ambushes of the 
interior forests. They gener- 
ally selected for their sum- 
mer residences some place easy 
of access, and immediately 
contiguous to their sporting 
grounds. The island of Xew-York, or, as it was called by 
the natives, Manhattan, was a favorite resort of the Hud- 
son river tribes. Abundant evidence of this fact is found 
in the history of its first discovery, and the indestructible 
relics that every where abound, buried in the ground. 
Excavations in the primitive soil often expose large quan- 
tities of shells, the remnants of their " clam-bakes ;" and 
various specimens of arrow-heads, stone axes and chisels, 
are found in the upper parts of the island. 

From their tem})orary villages they went forth in search 
of game ; and long before the white man came, the expan- 
sive bay that now reflects the sails of a hundred nations, 
was dotted by the humble canoes of a race whose very name 

2 



14 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

has long been lost to history. The ground that now sus- 
tains a million of inhabitants then hid in its forest shades 
the dusky forms of a few hundred wild men; and the 
waters that are now burdened with the commerce of the 
world were then timidl}^ navigated by the birchen canoe 
of a race who never ventured beyond the protection of 
their inland bounds. On the 2d of September, 1609, a 
beautiful autumn day, the adventurous bark of Henry Hud- 
son made its appearance in the lower harbor. Ihe In- 
dians, whose fishing-canoes were scattered about in every 
direction, attacked one of his boats which was sent out to ■ 
fish, and killed its commander. They bm-ied him on au 
island which was named after him, Colman's Island, now 
degenerated into Coney Island. 

After this, these Indians became more friendly, and came 
on board, where they exchanged tobacco and Indian corn 
for trinkets. Hudson passed up with his vessel (the Half 
Moon) as far as the present site of Albany, and then re- 
turned to Manhattan ; and after sometimes trading with 
the natives, and sometimes killing them, he went back to 
Europe again. His mutinous men forced him to go to 
England instead of Holland, from whence he came. The 
British Government, which had formerly driven him from 
their service, now detained him, and in a subsequent voy- 
age to jS'orth America, he was set adrift by his crew in an 
open boat, with his yoimg son and seven others, without 
compass or food, and never heard of after. This was 
brought about through the treacherous agency of one of 
his men, v.hom he had formerly befriended, under circum- 
stances that claimed lasting gratitude. Hudson was a bold 
and skilful navigator, and had foinierly distinguished him- 
self in his attempts to discover a north-west passage to 
the East Indies. 

The Dutch, finding that they coiild get furs of the North 
American Indians, sent out another ship to Kew-York, to 
trade with them; and in 1614, the Dutch Government en- 
couraged a company of m.erchants, and licensed them as 
the "West India Company." Soon after this the company 
sent out two ships, one of which was accidentally burned, 
but was replaced by another, which was built by her com- 
mander on the East rivei". After sailing along the coast to 
Martha's Vineyard, they returned to the Hudson river, and 



EARLY HISTORY. 16 

proceeded up to Castle Island, near Albany, where they 
commenced a settlement. For many years after this first 
settlement, Albany was the remotest point of interior civili- 
zation. In 1614, a fort was built on Manhattan Island; a 
few huts were soon added, to accommodate the settlers 
who traded with the Indians. This fort was just in the 
rear of the present site of Trinity Church, on the immedi- 
ate bank of the river : the tide then came up to where the 
western wall of the churchj^ard now stands. In 1751, some 
workmen digging in the bank, back of the church, dis- 
covered a stone wall, which occasioned great wonder at 
first, but was soon ascertained to be the remnants ^f the 
long-forgotten fort. In 1621, the Dutch Government gave 
the New-Netherlands to their "West India Company. The 
territory so denominated extended from Delaware river to 
Cape Cod. In 1623, they built a new fort, which stood on 
the ground now occupied by the Bowling Green, then a 
high mound of earth, overlooking an extensive ledge of 
rocks, the site of the present Battery. 

There is every indication that New- York was in primi- 
tive days the " city of hills" — such verdant hills, of succes- 
sive undulation, as the general state of the whole country 
part of the island now presents. Tlie hills were sometimes 
precipitous, as from Beekman's and Peck's Hills, in the 
neighborhood of Pearl, Beekman and Ferry sti'eets, and 
from the Middle Dutch Church, the building now conver- 
ted into the Post Office, in Nassau street, down to Mai- 
den Lane ; and sometimes gradually sloping, as on either 
hills along the line of the water, near Maiden Lane. The 
water flowed in between many of the hills, such as " the 
canal" so called to gratify Dutch recollections, which 
was an inlet up Broad street. Up Maiden Lane flowed 
another inroad. A little beyond Peck's Slip existed a low 
water-course, which in high water ran quite up in union 
with the Collect, (Kolck,) and then joining with Lispenard's 
swamp on North river side, produced a xmion of waters 
quite across the city ; thus converting it occasionally into an 
island. Boats were used occasionally to carry the foot 
passengers from either side of the high rising ground rang- 
ing on both sides of Pearl street. 

Part of the people who came out in the Tea Company's 
ghips settled, in 1625, on an island, at what is now called 



16 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

the "Wallaboiit, a word importing the walooii beud. About 
this time we find in the public records, that " Paulus Hook " 
was sold by Gov. Iveift to Abraham Isaacs Plank for 450 
guilders. For scandalizing the Governor, one Hendrick 
Janeson, in 1638, was sentenced to stand at the foit door, 
at the ringing of the bell, and ask the Governor's pardon. 

On the 6th of August, 1638, tM'o persons were appointed 
to inspect " tobacco cultivated here for exportation ;" and 
on the 19th of the same month it was ordered, that in con- 
sideration of "the high character it had obtained in foreign 
countries," any adulteration should be punished with a 
heavy penalty. In 1641, a cattle fair was established, to 
be held annually on the 1 5th of October. 

The lands on " York Island," without the bounds of the 
town walls, along Wall street, were either used for public 
grazing grounds for the town cows, sheep or swine, or else 
for the Governor's farms, under the name of Bouwerys. 
The Bouwery or farm sold to Governor Stuyvesant in 1631, 
now so valuable as building lots in the hands of his de- 
scendants, was originally piu'chased by him for 6,400 guil- 
ders, (£1,066 ;) and having, besides the land, " a dwelling- 
house, barn, reek-lands, six cows, two horses and two 
young negroes." 

On another farm the company erected a wint molen 
(wind-mill) for the use of the town. Its site was near the 
" Broadwa}'," between the present Liberty and Courtlandt 
streets. The first having decayed, it was ordered, in 1662, 
that there be another on the same ground, " outside of the 
city land-port (gate) on the company's farm." 

In 1663, all the carmen of the city, to the number of 
twenty, ordered to be enrolled, and to draw for %d. an or- 
dinary load, and to remove weekly from the city the dirt 
of the streets at Zd. a load. 

In 1675, the rates of tavern fare were thus ordered : For 
lodging, 3c?. ; for meals, %d. ; brandy per gill, %d. ; and cider 
per quart, 4c?. In 1676, all the inhabitants living in the 
street called the Here Graft (now Broad street) were re- 
quired " to fill up the graft, ditch or common shore, and 
level the same." In this same year are given the names of 
all the then property-holders, amounting to onl}- 800 names, 
and "assessed at 1^ dollars a pound on £99,695." 

Luke Laneton, in 1683, was made "collector of customs 



EARLY HISTORY. 17 

at the custom-house near the bridge, and none sliall un- 
load but at the bridge." The Iiouse called "Stu3'vesant 
Hujs." at the north-west corner of present Front and Moore 
streets, was then called the " custom-house." 

In 1683, it was ordered that "noj'outhes, maydes, or 
other persons may meete together on the Lord's day, for 
sport or pla}', under fine of Is." " No more than four In- 
dian or negro slaves may assemble together.' In 1683, 
the vessels and boats of the port were enrolled as follows : 
3 bar(|ues, 3 brigantines, 26 sloops, and 4o open boats. 
The old Dutch records show that all the rear of the town 
was divided into farms called " Bouwerys," from whence 
we have Bowery now. In 1687, sixteen acres of the Basse 
Bowery was granted to Arien Cornelisson, for the consid- 
eration of one fat capon a year. In 1695, the celebrated 
Capt. Kidd came to Xew-York to see his wife. He soon 
after this commenced his piracies, and continued them till 
1699, when he visited Long Island Sound, and made several 
deposits of mone}' on the shores. One of these deposits 
was discovered a few years since by some laborers, while 
digging on the shores of the East river. Kidd was decoyed 
to Boston, where he was ari-ested, sent to England, and 
hung in 1701. 

In 1698, the Council agreed to build the "new City 
Hall," by the head of Bi^oad street, for £3,000 ; the same 
afterwards the Congress Hall, on the corner of "Wall street. 

In 1699, they sold the old City Hall to John Rodman 
for £920, reserving only "the bell, the king's arms, and 
iron works [fetters, tfec] belonging to the prison," and 
granting leave also to allow the "cage, pillory and stocks 
before tlie same to be renioved witliin one year ; and the pri- 
soners in said jail within the said City Hall, to remain one 
month." 

The celebrated Negro Plot, in 1741, occurred when there 
were about ten thousand inhabitants in the city, of which 
one sixth part were negro slaves. After the lapse of a 
century, we look back with astonishment on tlie panic 
occasioned by these conspiracies, and the rancorous hatred 
that prevailed against the Roman Catholics. Tliere was 
doubtless a jiilot ; but its extent could never have been so 
great as the terror of tlie times depicted. The only testi- 
mony taken was the mutual criminations and confessions 
2* 



18 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

of the abettors ; and by this means every negro in the city, 
and some of the white inhabitants, became objects of sus- 
picion. The iirst suspicion of a plot was caused by frequent 
alarms of fire, and robberies committed on the premises of 
one of the citizens. The first fire destroyed the Governor's 
house and the old church, both of which were within the 
walls of the fort. A few days after this, another fire 
occurred under very mysterious circumstances, and subse- 
quently, in the space of three weeks, eight more fires served 
to spread great consternation among the people. Many 
negroes were executed, and the investigations were long 
and intricate. 

While the trials were going on, and the execution of sev- 
eral negroes taking place, proclamations were made, offer- 
ing pardons to the free who should make discovery of the 
plot, or accuse others ; and pardon and liberty to the slaves 
who sliould do the same ; and rewards in money to both. 
The consequence was, that the negroes who were in jail 
accused themselves and others, hoping to save their owli 
lives, and obtain the promised boons. What one poor 
wretch invented, was heard and repeated by another ; and 
by degrees the story assumed the shape of a regular plot 
In the course of the evidence it appears that the city was 
destined to be fired, and the inliabitauts massacred, on 
coming out of the English Church in Broadway. St. Pat- 
rick's night was selected for the catastrophe, and many 
Irish Catholics lately arrived enlisted in the gang of mur- 
derers. The negroes were led by one Ilughson, at whose 
house they were entertained, and where they brought 
their stolen goods. An unfortunate man, named Ury, an 
English clergyman, who had been teaching school in the 
city was tried and condemned on the most trivial testi- 
mony. He was hung amidst the greatest excitement. 
Tliere were thirteen blacks burned alive at the stake, at a 
place then out of town, but situated near the present inter- 
section of Pearl and Chatham streets, where there was 
formerly a hollow place. Twenty were hung "on the 
island by the powder-house," where the Arsenal now is, in 
Elm street. Seventy were transported to foreign parts; 
Hughson, his wife, and Peggy Carey, a noted informer, 
were hung. Several of the negroes declared that the}- had 
accused themselves and others because they had been told 
that was the only way to save their lives. 



EARLY HISTORY. 19 

"The Indians, in the. year 1746, came to the city of 
New- York iu a body, say several liundreds, to liold a con- 
ference or treaty with the Governor. They were Oneidas 
and Mohawks ; coming from Albany, crowding the North 
river with their canoes; bringing with them their squaws 
and papouses ; they encamped on the site now Hudson's 
Square, before St. John's Church, then a low sand beach." 

In 1756, the first stage started between Philadelphia and 
New- York, three days through. 

In 1765, a second stage, announced to travel between 
New- York and Philadelphia, to go tlirough in three days, 
being a covered Jersey wagon, at 2d. a mile. 

In 1766, another stage, called "the Flying Machine," to 
go through in two days, "iu good wagons, and seats on 
springs," at Sd. a mile, or 20s. through, 

Tliese extracts are principally drawn from Watson's An- 
nals of New- York. The public records, always accessible 
at the City Record office, are very numerous, and will well 
reward the curious for their perusal. 

During the Revolution, the ]\Iiddle Dutch Church, Nas- 
sau street, was used as a " prison for r),000 Americans." 
The pews were talcen out and used for fuel. Afterwards 
the church was used as a riding-school by the Britisii cav- 
alry. Tlie North Dutch Cliurch, in William street, was 
also used as a prison-house, and at one time held '2,000 pri- 
soners ; all the Presb3'terian churches Avere used for military 
purposes, but the Methodists' houses were spared on ac- 
count of their adherence to Wesley, who was known to he 
a loyalist. 

It is estimated that 11,000 Americans were interred from 
the British prisons at the AYallabout, near the present 
Navy Yard. In cutting down the hill for the Navy Yard, 
there were taken up as man}?^ as thirteen large boxes of 
human l)ones, which, being borne on trucks under mourn- 
ing palls, were canned in procession to Jackson street^ on 
Brookl^Ti height, and interred in a charnel-house con- 
structed for the occasion beneath three drooping willows. 

Two of the burr-it hulks of the prison-ships still remain 
sunken near the Navy Yard ; one in the dock, and one in 
the Good Hope, near PiiKier's Island. 

In 1785-6, Alderman William Bayard sold his farm of 
fifty acres, situated on the west side of Broadway, where 



20 



CITY OF NE'.Y-YO:ilK. 



St. Paul's Clivirch now Etniids. He divided it into lots of 
twenty -five by one hundred feet, and sold them at twenty- 
five dollars each. 

The old Kenned}'^ House, now converted into the Wash- 
ington Hot^l, No. 1 Broadway, is an object of great 
interest. It was, diiring the Revolution, occupied succes- 
sively by Cornwallis, Clinton, Howe, and Wasliington, and 
here Andre commenced his correspondence with Arnold. 
The house Avas erected in 1760, by Hon. Captain Kennedy, 
afterwards Earl of Cassilis. The great fires in 1776 
and 1778 occurred while the Britisli held possession 
of the city. The fire in 1776 commenced in Whitehall slip, 
late at night, and consumed all the buildings west of 
Broadway and south of Barclay street. Trinity Church 
was bm-rit at this time; four hundred and ninety -three 
houses were destroyed. Tlie fire in 1778 occurred on 
Cruger's wharf, and burnt .".bout fifty houses. The buil- 
dings destroyed on both of tliese occasions were of an 
inferior order, and built of wood. 




SIR HENRY CLINTON'S HOUSE. 



A BIRD'S EYE VIEW. 




ROBABLY the finest view of New- 
York is that which is enjoyed by the 
spectator who gazes upon the city and 
its suburbs from the lofty spire of Trin- 
ity Church. To this point, therefore, 
as it is desirable to form at the out- 
set a correct idea of the position of the city and its sur- 
roundings, we will at once repair. With slight fatigue 
we ascend the stairway, and are abundantly repaid by 
the grandeur of the view. If we take a position facing 
the north — that is, looking directly up Broadway — we 
shall have upon our right the East river, a body of water 
flowing between New- York and Brooklyn, and which, if 
followed for fifteen miles in an easterly direction, is found 
to expand to the width of several miles, taking from this 
point the name of Long Island Sound. Before reaching 
the Sound, however, the water passes through a narrow 
rocky channel, known as the famous Hell Gate, so called 
by the early Dutch voyagers in consequence of its furious 
tide. Through this passage John Dermer sailed for the first 
time in 1619, and thus described the appearance of the 
place, as his account is given by Pnrchas : 

*' Wee found," says the brave Dermer, " a most danger- 
ous cataract amongst small rookie islands, occasioned by 



22 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

two unequall tydes, the one ebbing and flowing two houres 
before tlie other." This account is quite graphic, although 
it is ahnost needless to observe that the theory of the "two 
tydes" is apocryphal. Turning to the left, we see the 
Hudson river, a body of water which may well be 
termed majestic ; for whether we consider the volume of 
its current, with the rich freights it bears, or take into 
account the lovely scenery of its banks, together wdth the 
noble bay, which, grander than itself, receives it as a fit 
channel of conveyance to the grandest receptacle of all, 
the ocean — none, we think, will deny the propriety of the 
term. The Hudson is also sometimes denominated the 
JS'orth river — a name originally applied to it when the 
early Dutch settlements were bounded on the south by the 
Delaware, then called the South river, and by the Hud- 
son on tlie north. To gain a full impression of the noble- 
ness of this last-named channel, it is necessary to pass in a 
steamboat through the highlands on a clear summer day. 
At such times we have heard the river extolled in terms 
of almost uuboimded admiration even by those most fami- 
liar with the world-i'enowned beauties of the Rhine. An 
imperfect idea of the scenery of its banks may be had by 
directing our attention — even from this point — to the 
Palisades, the bold striking bluff discernible in the dis- 
tance on the left bank. This ridge, varying in height from 
200 to 500 feet, extends along the west side of the river, 
from Weehawken, (the point now in view four miles up the 
river,) as far as Tappan, a distance of 20 miles. From 
this latter place the banks are lower until we reach Cald- 
well's Landing, 42 miles from New-York, and the southern 
entrance of the Highlands, where commences the sublime 
scenery, which numbers among its charms, Anthony's 
Nose, 1,128 feet in height; the Sugar Loaf, Crow Nest, 
Beacon Hill, 1,685 feet, the loftiest peak of the Highlands, 
and the attractions more graciously named West Point 
Let us return, however, to the prospect before us. The 
first edifice upon our left, as we look up Broadway, is 
Trinity Building, known by its faint yellow color — a hue 
which agreeably contrasts with the shades of red, white 
and green, that are seen around it. This color arises from 
the bricks of which the walls are built, and which are 
Known as Milwaukie brick, being made of a light 



A bird's eye view. 23 

yellow clay found in the neighborhood of that city. The 
rental of this building has been stated at $60,000. 

Opposite to this is seen the Metropolitan Bank, a strucr 
ture admirably adapted to its purpose ; and indeed one of 
the finest of the many elegant banking-houses which 
adorn the city. Particular attentiou is called to the orna- 
mental sculpture upon its two fronts, and to the tasteful 
gradation of ornauieut from the first to the upper story. 
The cost of the building, together with the grounds, was 
$105,000. It is on the corner of Bi'oadway and Pine 
street. 

The first church on the left side of Broadway is St. Paul's 
Chapel, belonging to the Corporation of Trinity Church. 
This fiue old building deserves notice from having its 
steeple at one end, and a well-arranged porch at the 
other — an expedient which, in this instance at least, pro- 
duces a pleasing etfect. Tlie lieiglit of the stee]>le is 203 
feet. This chuix-h was once quite out of town. The father 
of the writer distinctly reinembers having many years ago 
shot a wild pigeon which had alighted upon a tree in the 
church^^ard. 

Crossing the street, we have in view Barnum's American 
Museum — the wonders contained in which building none 
but a Barnum could either have collected, in the first 
instance, or can adequately describe. 

The granite edifice upon the left is the Astor House. 
We have now reached the Park, an enclosure of about 10 
acres, containing the most important buildings of the City 
Government. Here we have the City Hall, the new City 
Hall, the Hall of Records, and the Rotunda. The large 
white pile in view from our elevated ])osition is tlie City 
Hall, which stands somewhat to the east of Broadway, and 
is oi'iiamented by a well-proportioned cupola. 

Be^'ond the City Hall, and on the line of Broadway, we 
discover a building of snowy marble, whose size and 
beauty render it a conspicuous object. This is Stewart's 
Ma rule Palace, probably the most costly building in the 
woi'M owned and occupied by one merchant, and devoted 
to tlie purposes of trade. It is said that the annual sales 
at this colossal dry-goods store amount to several mil- 
lions of dollars. 



24 CITY OF NEW-YOBK. 

No other building is recognizable in this direction until 
we come to Grace Church, which stands as an expectant 
bride, gracefully looking down through the turmoil of cart 
and carriage, toward her powerful and somewhat burly- 
protector, Trinity Church. We are aware that the 
respective corporations are bj' no means so nearly related 
as this attitude might imply, but only mean to intimate 
that the material structures referred to have a sort of 
related look. Grace Church is, moreover, worth a visit 
upon a week-day, from its affording an opportunity' for 
curious reflections upon the effect of light. The "modest 
mansion" which rises next door to the church is the Rec- 
tory. The buildings stand on Broadway, within one door 
from the corner of Tenth street. 

A few blocks higher up, Broadwa}' is directly faced by 
Union Park, where the street turns to the left, and pursues 
its way until it reaches Twent}' -third street and Madison 
Square ; where, after crossing the Fifth and Sixth Avenues, 
it meets and takes the name of the Bloomingdale Road. 

Above Union Square, the wealthiest and most fashion- 
able residents of New-York have their habitations ; but as 
these are not in sight from our observatory, we turn to 
surve}^ the prospect from the right or east window, and 
find ourselves gazing directly down "Wall st)'eet, seeming, 
as it were, to look into the golden throat of Plutus himself. 
"We have immediately beneath us, on the coi'ner of Broad- 
way and "Wall street, the large and costl}' banking-house 
of the Bank of the Republic, a building which cannot be 
regarded with much approbation, since the main architec- 
tural purposes accomplished in this instance have been to 
magnify an attic, and make a glorious front door. Tlie 
first prominent building upon our left, as we pass down 
Wall street, is the Custom-IIouse. The spot it occupies is 
venerable from the circumstance that here stood the old 
Federal Hall, on whose balcony Washington took the 
inaugural oath as President of the United States, on the 
80th of April, I'ZSQ. Tlie present building is worthy of 
the place it holds, and is particularly noticeable from the 
beauty of its proportions and the ^lid elegance of its 
work. From our lofty point of survc^ we must not fail to 
notice its marble roof. 

One block in the rear of the Gustom-House we descry an 



A bird's eye view. 25 

old gray church, with quaint roof and cupola. Tliis build- 
ing was formerly known as the Middle Dutch Church, but 
is now occupied by the New-York Post-Office. 

On the right side of the street, farther east, is seen a 
granite building, having an extensive dome, and orna- 
mented on the street by a I'ow of granite columns; by 
which features we may easily recognize the Merchants' 
Exchange, 

In this direction, looking across the river, we have a 
view of Brooklyn, on Long Island ; beyond which, follow- 
ing the river, a portion of Williamsburg is also distinctly 
seen. Perhaps, however, the most attractive prospect is 
that on the south, in which direction we turn our eyes down 
Broadway, where we see the Bowling-Green and the 
Battery, together with Castle Garden, close at hand. 

The large island lying nearest to the city is Governor's 
Island ; beyond which is South Brooklyn — the locality of 
the Atlantic docks. The other large island in the distance 
is Staten Island ; between which and Long Island we see 
the Narrows, the well-fortified entrance to the harbor of 
New-York. The two small islands lying nearer to the city, 
on the right, are Ellis's Island and Bedloe's Island ; the 
latter of which is the most distant, and is fortified. 

Taken in all its parts, this bay of 25 miles in circum- 
ference, extending 8 miles from the Narrows to the city, 
affords, indeed, a lovely prospect to the eye. As we gaze 
upon it, we are not disposed to question the judgment of 
poor Hendrick Hudson, who, viewing the landscape in its 
almost primeval beauty, declared : " This is a very good 
land to fall (in) with, and a pleasant land to see." The 
opinion of the old navigator seems to have been recorded 
on the morning of September 2d, 1609, when the beauties 
of the landscape were for the first time discovered to 
European eyes. 

The view from the west window presents to us Jersey 
City, in the State of New-Jersey, directly across the river ; 
north of which is Hoboken, a famous summer resort; 
while farther up, following the left bank, we come to 
Weehawken, where our circuit began ; a place of surpass- 
ing interest, near the river bank ; in this neighborhood ia 
the spot where Aaron Burr shot the brave and ac- 
complished Hamilton ; killing him in a duel, fought July 
3 



26 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

11th, 1804. A conspicuous object at Jersey City is the 
dock of the Cunard steamers, and here is also the Phila- 
delphia or great Southern Railroad depot. 

Before leaving our survej', we must add, that, although 
no bridges span the rivers which bound Manhattan or 
New-York Island, except on the north, still the communi- 
cation is at all hours both rapid and convenient. This 
necessary intercoiirse is kept up by means of 15 ferries, 
whose boats, admirably constructed and adorned, are seen 
darting from their piers, and pursiiing their way in all 
directions. 

In concluding our sketch, it may be well to add a few 
words in regard to the statistics of the cities of New-York, 
Brooklyn, Williamsburg and Jersey City, which have been 
thus brought into view. Their population at the dates 
1830, 1840, and 1850, was as follows: 

1830. 1840. 1850. 

New-York 197,112 812,'710 515,507 

Brooklyn 15,394 36,233 96,838 

Wilhamsburg 1,117 5,094 80,780 

The present population of Jersey City is about 17,000 ; 
making a total of nearl}" 700,000 human beings, whose 
various abodes, places of business, and resorts for recrea- 
tion have contributed to our view. "We pass to a 

GENERAL DESCRIPTION. 

Tlie city and county of New- York have the same limits, 
comprising the whole of Manhattan or New-York Island, 
which, as we have seen, narrows to a point at its southern 
extremit}^ ; having the Hudson river on its west side, and 
the East river on the east. On the Hudson the island 
extends 1 3 miles, to Spuyten Duy vel creek ; which, after 
a crooked course of about one mile, connects with the Har- 
lem river, near King's Bridge. The greatest length of the 
island is 13^ miles. The Harlem river runs south-east a 
distance of 6 miles, to the East river, which it enters near 
Randall's Island, 9 miles from the Battery point. The 
widest part of the island is on a line with Eightj'-eighth 
street, where it measures 2^ miles ; its narrowest part being 
little more than half a mile in width. Its cii'cumferenee 
ie about 29 miles, and its area 14,000 acres. Four bridges 



A bird's eye view. 27 

cross the Harlem river : viz., tlie Croton High Bridge, 
Macomb's bridge, the Harlem Railroad and the Harlem 
turnpike bridge. The Hudson iiiver Kailroad is carried 
over Spii3"ten Duyvel creek. 

Tlie surface of the island was originally imcven and 
rough, as is now the case in the northern parts, with occa- 
sional low valleys and marshy swamps ; but the hills in the 
southern part of the island have been levelled, and the 
swamps and marshes filled up. Man}^ creeks and inlets on 
the margins of the rivers have also disappeared, and the 
large ledge of rocks that occupied the site of the present 
Battery has long since been buried by made ground. The 
water line has been materially altered from what it was. 
A large part of Water, Front and South streets, on the 
East river, and of Greenwich, Washington and West streets, 
on the Hudson river, occupy made ground. 

The city population extends more than four miles on 
each river, and the compact part has a circumference of 
over ten miles. In latter times, care has been taken to lay 
out the streets straight, and of ample width. This is 
particularly true of all the northern part of the city, which 
was laid out under the direction of Gouverneur Morris, De 
Witt Clinton and others, and surveyed by Mr. John Ran- 
dall, jr. The survey was completed in 1821, after having 
occupied ten years. JSTo city can exhibit a more beautiful 
plan than this portion of the city of New- York, which ex- 
tends to One Hundred and Fifty-fourth street, about ten 
miles north of the Battery. 

Twelve noble avenues, each 100 feet wide, run parallel 
and lengthwise of the island, giving access to the cit}'^, and 
these are cut at right angles by numerous streets, every 
tenth one of which is also 100 feet wide, while the narrow 
streets are 60 feet in width. 

The island is mostly composed of granite, which is gene- 
rally buried from 10 to 15 feet under ground. The super- 
incumbent earth is composed of drift sand and pebbles, 
with large quantities of oxide of iron, which gives it a red 
color. The rocks crop out and appear on. the surface, in 
the upper parts of the island, to a considerable extent. 
The soil for the most pai^t is fertile, but from the abundance 
of rocks, hard to cultivate. The island was originally 
covered with a very large growth of wood. 



28 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



CLIMATE. 

The average temperature of our climate throiighout the 
year is 65° of Fahrenheit's thermometer; and that is also 
the temperature of the deepest wells. The greatest degree 
of cold ever experienced is 6 or 10*^ below zero ; but that 
is very rare — having occurred in 1780 and in 1820, when 
persons went between this city and Staten Island on the 
ice. In winter the thermometer rarely sinks lower than 
IQo or 20° below the freezing-point, and in a few hours 
the cold always moderates. 

The highest temperature of our summer is seldom above 
90°, and is rarely of long continuance. From the middle 
of September to about the last of October, the atmosphere 
will generally vie with any in the world for serenity and 
beaut}'. Winter generally sets in about Christmas, and 
continues for some two months, although sudden changes 
of temperature frequently occur in summer and winter, 
which, unless guarded against, will cause severe colds and 
other diseases; but it is to be added, that Kew- York, gene- 
rally speaking, is as healthy a spot as any city in the 
world. 



ENVIRONS OF NEW-YORK. 

The principal place in the neighborhood of the city ia 
Brooklyn. This city will be particularly described here- 
after. The expense of excursions by boat and railroad in 
the neighborhood of New-York may be usually estimated 
at about 3 cents per mile. 

WILLIAMSBURG, 

Recently built, and now a cit}', situated on the East river, 
north-east of Brooklyn, and opposite the north-east part of 
New-York, with which it has frequent commimication by 
means of several steam ferry-boats. ^ Its chief buildings 
are a town-hall and numerous churches, together with 
handsome private dwellings. The ferries to Williamsburg 
are on the East river, one at foot of Houston street, one at 



ENVIRONS. 29 

Grand street, and a third at Ferrj street, nearly due east 
from the City Hall. Distance, 1^ mil6s. 

ASTORIA, 

A flourishing village of Queens county, six miles north- 
east from jN'ew-York. It has several churches, an academy, 
and an extensive botanic garden. It occupies a beautiful 
position on Long Island Sound, near that remarkable whirl- 
pool called by "the Dutch. -Ilelle Gat, ''Hell Gate." Asto- 
ria is one of the favorite summer residences of the New- 
Yorkers. Steamboats for Astoria leave the pier on the 
East river at foot of Fulton street, and a short distance 
above, at Peck Slip. 

FLL'SHIXG, 

An incorporated town of Long Island, situated on Flush- 
ing Bay, an arm of Long Island Sound. Flushing was 
formerly the seat of several literary institiitions, as St. 
Paul's College, St. Thomas's Hall and St. Ann's Hall, but at 
present there are merel}'^ one or two inconsidei'able schools. 
The Linnffian Botanic Garden is here ; and this, with other 
advantages, renders Flushing one of the most attractive 
places of resort on the island. It is about ten miles distant 
from New-York. A boat for Flushing leaves the pier at 
foot of Fulton street. 

JAMAICA, 

A large and well-built town of Queens count}", eleven 
miles from Brookhm. Its chief buildings, besides those of 
the county, are five churches, two academies, eight hotels 
and taverns, and several manufactories of pianos and car- 
riages. The Long Island Railroad Company have a large 
depot and machine-shop liere. Constant communication 
with Brooklyn, Flushing, Hempstead, Rockaway, <fec., is 
afforded by the railroad or stages, which ply in all direc- 
tions. Jamaica Bay, five- miles south from the town, 
abounds in wild fowl, oysters, clams, &c. The cars for 
Jamaica leave the Soutli Ferry, Brooklyn, on the arrival of 
the boats from the pier near the Battery. 

ROCKAWAY BEACH, 

A celebrated watering-place, on the shore of the Atlan- 
tic Ocean, twenty-two miles south-east from New- York. 
3* 



30 CITY OP NEW-YORK. 

There are, in addition to the " Marine Pavilion " and 
"Rock Hall," both well kept, several private establish- 
ments, where, with less parade and show of style, the in- 
valid may enjoy the refreshing sea air and bath in their 
utmost perfection, and at a moderate expense ; while those 
who inhabit the former are expected and expect to pay 
liberally for tlieir extravagant accommodations. 

FLATBUSH, 

A neat village of Kings coimty, four miles south-east of 
Brooklyn. The stage fi'om Brooklyn passes through Flat- 
bush on its way to 

COJfEY ISLAND, 

A bathing-place of great resort, forming a part of 
Gravesend township, and directly exposed to the surges of 
the Atlantic ocean. The name Coney Island is probably a 
cori'uption of Colman's Island, as the name Colman's Point 
was given by Hendrick Hudson to the place in which they 
buried John Colman, one of his crew who was unfortu- 
nately killed by the Indians. A boat also leaves New- 
York for Coney Island several times a day during the sum- 
mer season. 

FORT HAMILTON. 

Tliis fortress, which, in connection with Forts Lafayette 
and Tompkins, commands the Narrows, is situated on the 
western end of Long Island, and about 8 miles nearly due 
south from New-York. A small assemblage of houses has 
grown up around it, including one church and an exten- 
sive boarding-house. It is a place of fashionable resort, 
chiefly for the convenience of sea bathing. 

NEW-BEIGHTON AM) STATEN ISLAND, 

A village of country-seats, ei-ected for the accomm.oda- 
tion of some of the "best society" of Kew-York. It occu- 
pies the most northern point of Staten Island, at the 
entrance of the "Kills," which separate the island from the 
Jersey shore. The situation is very fine, commanding a 
view of the bay, with its islets, the city, Long Island, <fec. 
The houses, with their white fronts and massive colimms^ 



ENVIRONS. 31 

present a beautiful appearance from the water. There are 
two extensive hotels and several boarding-houses. A short 
distance to the west stands the Sailor's Snug Harbor, a 
Bort of Greenwich Hospital or Asylum for superannuated 
mariners. Two miles east of Brighton Ue the Quarantine 
Ground, the Marine Hospital, and TompkinsvUle. The 
latter is a large town, containing upwards of 3000 inhabit- 
ants, three churches, several hotels, and beautifully situated 
on the high ground in the rear of Fort Tompkins. Attached 
to the Quarantine establishment are the Marine Hospital, 
for the reception of patients afflicted with contagious dis- 
eases; a Yellow Fever Hospital; a Small Pox Hospital; 
besides several other buildings for the Physician, Health 
Officers and others. 

Steamboats leave the Battery every hour during the 
day for New-Brighton, the Quarantine Ground, and Tomp- 
kinsville ; time occupied in the passage, about half an hour. 

JERSEY CITY, 

On the west side of the Hudson, opposite New-York, 
situated on a point or cape, formerly called Paulus Hook. 
The city is regularly laid out, with the streets, which are 
generally wide, crossing each other at right angles. The 
public buildings are, seven churches, a lyceum, academy. 
High School, a bank, a pottery, glass factor}^, <fec. The 
New-Jersey Railroad Company have an extensive depot 
here, the starting-place for the cars for the South and 
South-west, and the interior of New-Jerse}'' ; and the Morris 
Canal, from Bordentown, intersects the Hudson in the lower 
part of the city.^ 

HARSIMUS 

Is a small village directly in the rear of Jersey City, 
beyond which lies 

nOBOKEN, 

A new village of Hudson county, New-Jersey, containing 
several churches and numerous public-houses. Hoboken 
is much frequented by the citizens of New- York. The 
"Elysian Fields," so called, contain some beautiful walks. 
A fine view of the city may be had from the high grounds 
of Hoboken. It is so easily accessible that none will be 



32 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

willing to forego the pleasure of a visit, the boats leaving 
the foot of Christopher, Canal and Barclay streets every 
few minutes. A short distance above Hoboken we come 
to 

WEEIIAWKEN, 

A small settlement on the Jersey shore, beautifullj^ situ- 
ated, about two miles north of Hoboken, on an elevated 
blutf of the Hudson. Here stood the monument to Hamil- 
ton. On Manhattan Island we have 

BLOOMINGDALE, 

A rem.arkably neat village of New- York county, situated 
on the left bank of the Hudson, five miles above tlie City 
Hall. The Kew-York Asylum for the Insane and the Or- 
phan Asylum are established here. The village consists 
chiefly of country-seats. Many persons are tempted to 
drive in this direction by the beaut}'^ of the road. About 
two miles beyond Bloomingdale, on the same side of the 
river, is 

M A]N UATT AXVILl.E, 

Containing an Episcopal church, and some extensive 
factories. It is a delightful place of resort, and is much 
visited. The Convent of the Sisters of Mercy is finely 
situated near this village. 

HARLEM 

Is situated south-east of Manhattan ville, on Harlem 
river, near its dischai'ge into Long Island Sound. It is a 
flourishing village, Avith several churches, and a super- 
abundance of hotels, besides a commodious depot, belong- 
ing to the New-York and Harlem Kaiload Conipany. 
The cars for Harlem start every hour from the depot, 
north-east of the City Hall. Distance, 7 miles. 

NEWARK 

Is by far the largest, and, as a manufacturing place, the 
most unportant town — or rather city, for it is organized as 
Buch — in the State of New-Jersey. Its population is chiefly 
engaged in the various manufactories, which abound here 
to an unusual extent. Newark was first settled in 1666, 
by people from New-England. 



ENVIRONS. 33 

The Passaic, here a beautiful stream, flows along the 
eastern side of the town, and gradually curves towards 
the east, in its passage into Newark Bay, three miles dis- 
tant from the city. Its streets and avenues are wide, and 
shaded by an abundance of trees, which add greatly to 
the beauty of the city and the comfort of its citizens. 
The many manufacturing establishments in and about the 
place, give it an active and business-like appearance. 

Besides the factories, most of which are on a large 
scale, there are several breweries, grist and saw-mills, dye- 
ing-houses, and printing ofhces, each of which issues a 
newspaper, <fec. There are schools almost innumerable, 
academies, and several literary and scientific institutions. 
The churches belong to the Episcopalians, the Presby- 
terians, the Baptists, the Dutch lleformed, the Methodists, 
and the Roman Catholics. The other public buildings are' 
the Court House, county oflaces, three banks, and the 
immense depot of the iVew-Jersey Railroad Company. 
Cars for Newark leave Jersey City on the arrival of boats 
from Cortlandt street or Liberty street. Distance from 
New-York, 9 miles. 

ELIZABETIITOWN, 

A beautiful town situated on Elizabeth creek, in Essex 
county. It is a borough town, and one of the oldest in 
the State, its site having been purchased from the Indians 
by a company from Long Island, as early as the year 
1664. 

There is in this town an unusual proportion of hand- 
some dwellings and cluu'ches ; which, with the wide and 
regular streets, impart an air of great neatness and beauty 
to the place, and render it a very desirable residence. 

One of the churches is under the pastoral charge of the 
Rev. Dr. Murray, the famous author of Kirwan's Letters. 
Take the boat at Liberty street. Distance, 15 miles. 

RAIIWAY, 

A large and thriving town of Essex and Middlesex 
counties, formed by the union of several villages, the 
population having originally come from New-England. 
The Presbyterians, Methodists, Baptists and Friends, have 
places of worship h^re. Those of the Presbyterians and 



34 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

Episcopalians are beaiitiriil structures. Among the liberal 
institutions of the place, which possesses many, there are 
a public library and "Athenean Academ}'^," so called ; a fine 
building, erected b}' a company expressly for the institu- 
tion, which partakes, in some measure, of the nature of a 
high school. Rahway is a large manufacturing place. 
Establishments on an extensive scale are in daily operation 
here. The manufactures consist of silk printing, carriages 
and carriage furniture, hats, shoes, clothing, clocks, earthen- 
ware and cotton goods. Boat from Liberty street, many 
times in th<3 day. Distance, 20 miles. 

NEW-BRUNSWICK. 

This place is situated in the counties of Somerset and 
Middlesex, and is the seat of justice of the latter. It is an 
incorporated city, and next to Newark, the largest town 
in the tState. Access as to Rahwa}". Distance, 8 1 miles. 

PASSAIC FALLS. 

This is a beautiful sheet of water, which presents an 
unbroken fall of fifty feet. It is situated at the town of 
Paterson, on the Passaic river, whose banks here are 
nearlj' vertical. The water in its passage, through the 
lapse of ages, has wona a deep chasm into the solid rock, 
which is obviously retreating, as the abraded banks below 
testify. No si:>ectacle can be more imposing than is pre- 
sented by the falling water, as it glides gently over the 
brow of the precipice. The town of Paterson is admirably 
situated for manufacturing purposes at the falls, which 
afford a constant and abundant supply of water for the 
vast number of factories in operation iji the town, which 
is now one of the most important manufacturing places in 
the United States. The manufactory of the celebrated 
Colt's repeating fire-arms is at Paterson. Besides nume- 
rous churches, there are also a society for the promotion 
of literature and science, which has an excellent library ; a 
Mechanics' Institute, a Museum, a Circulating Library, a 
Public Library, and some other institutions of a similar 
description. 

ELIZABETIIPORT, 

A very neat and flourishing village of New-Jersey, 
which has recently started into notice ; being at the east- 



ENVIRONS. 35 

ern terminus of the Elizabethport and Somerville Rail- 
road. Access by boat from foot of Battery Place. Dis- 
tance, 14 miles. 

PERTH AM BOY, 

A city and port of entry of Middlesex county, New- 
Jersey, at the confluence of Raritan river and Staten Island 
Sound. It derives its name in part from James, Earl of 
Perth, one of the original proprietors of the ground, which 
was laid off in town lots in 1683, and incorporated in 1784. 
A large portion of the buildings are elevated forty or fifty 
feet above the adjacent bay. Boat from Battery Place. 
Distance, 26 miles. This a delightful excursion. 

FORT LEE. 

Tliis fort, with Fort "Washington on the opposite side of 
the rivei', was the scene of important military operations 
during the Revolutionary War. A large body of American 
militia stationed here, in attempting to retreat, were over- 
powered by a vastly superior force, consisting chiefly of 
Hessians, when they were either slain or consigned to the 
prison-ship, a fate more terrific than death itself. The 
site of Fort Lee is upwards of 300 feet above the water. A 
hotel at the landing is much frequented. The Palisades at 
this point are nearly vertical, and range from 200 to 500 
feet in height. 

YOXKERS, 

A pleasant village of "Westchester county, situated at 
the outlet of Saw-mill Creek, 16 miles from I^ew-York. 
It is built niostly on the river bank, which, being some- 
what elevated, commands a fine view of the river and the 
Palisades opposite. The Episcopal church, of which the 
Rev. A. B. (carter is Rector, is a substantial and beautiful 
building. There is scarcely a village in the State which 
has increased more rapidl}^ than Yonkers in the last few 
years. The supposed derivation of the name is curious. 
It is said that the settlement was made by some young 
members of the Dutch commimity on Manhattan Island, 
and thus the name attached, Yonkers being the Dutch for 
young. The Hudson River Railroad conveys visitors to 
the village. 



36 CITY OF NEW-YOHX. 



HASTINGS, 

A small village and landing of the same county, is 4 
miles above Yonkers, on the Hudson River Railroad. 

DOBB'S FERRT 

Is a small settlement and public landing in "Westchester 
county, with a ferry to the opposite side of the Hudson. 
The landing is 20 miles from New-York by the railroad. 

DEAEMAN 

Is a new and thriving village, 25 miles from New-York ; 
a short distance above which is Sunnyside, the Abbotsford 
of America — the residence of Irving. The cars of the 
Hudson River Railroad convey passengers to Dearman. 

PIERMONT, FORMERLY TAPPAX SLOAT. 

This village having been selected for the eastern termi- 
nus of the New-York and Erie Railroad, the secluded little 
Dutch settlement of the "Sloat" has received the classic 
soubriqitet of " Piermont," and is now an important town 
of Rockland count}^ Its site is now covered by handsome 
public and private edifices, which form a striking contrast 
with the little Dutch houses of its primitive inhabitants. 

The Erie Railroad extends from this point to Dunkirk 
on Lake Erie, 446 miles. Three miles west of Piermont is 
Tappan, the head-quarters of Washington for a time, and 
the place where Major Andre was executed, October 2d, 
1780. His grave is still shown. His remains, however, 
were conveyed some years ago to England. 

A pier about one mile in length, Avhich forms the com- 
mencement of the railroad just mentioned, extends over 
the flats to a commodious dock, near the channel of the 
river. Piennont is 24 miles from New- York. 



EXCURSIONS. 

A Sail. — "Weehawken and the Elysian Fields. This 
pleasant resort is of very easy access, by means of the 
Doats which cross the Hudson every few moments from 



EXCURSIONS. 37 

< 

the foot of Barclay, Canal and Christoi">her streets, landing 
at Hoboken, half a mile north of which is the spot known 
as the Elysian Fields. 

A Dpa\"E. — One of the loveliest spots in the neighbor- 
hood of New- York, and one at the same time less 
resorted to than almost any other, is Throg's Point, 16 
miles from the city, the termination at Long Island Sound 
of Throg's, or more properly, Throgmorton's Neck. This 
point is the dividing headland between the East river and 
the Sound, and affords a charming view of the bright 
waters of the one, and of the noble expanse of the other. 

Fort Schuyler, on the point, is also worthy of notice ; 
although not yet garrisoned, the strength and solidity of 
its masonry, and its curious defenses, repay a visit. A 
carriage may be taken at the city, and a day spent enjoy- 
ably in seeing Throg's Point, the Fort, and Pelham Bridge. 
At the bridge, parties may get a comfortable dinner. 
Those who wish to save time and expense in making this 
trip, should take the Hai-lem cars for Fordham, 12 miles, 
and there engage a carriage, by which arrangement they 
will be able to accomplish their design with less outlay, 
and perhaps with much less fatigue than by driving 
directly from town. 

To Astoria. — Those who wish to see a thriving town, 
and also to view the scenery of Hell Gate, will do well to 
take the boat for Astoria, from the foot of Fidton street, 
East river. In this way, at a trifling cost, they may 
receive much pleasure. It is to be observed that the fury 
of Hell Gate is somewhat impaired by the recent removal 
of the rocks which lined the channel. Indeed, before this, 
it had sensibly deteriorated in impetuosity — a fact owing, 
as is supposed, to the docking out at New-York, which 
deepened the water and lessened the roar. An old lady, 
long a resident of Hunt's Point informed the writer, that 
in her memory the sound of the waters was at times 
distinctly heard at the point, a distance of three miles. 

To Sandy Hook. — A capital idea of the configuration of 
New-York bay is to be had by taking the boat for Shrews- 
bury and Long Branch, which every day in summer leaves 
the foot of Robinson street. North river, and Peck Slip, 
East river, for these localities. The time of the boat's 
starting may be learned from the daily papers. 
4 



38 CITY OF NEW-YORK, 

To "West Point. — Tlie visitor must not fail to see West 
Point, that gem of the Highlands, for the possession of 
which Andre lost his life, and for wliose attempted 
betrayal Arnold has been visited with the reprobation of 
mankind. The Hudson River Railroad aiFords every facility 
for making this excursion. Take the cars for Garrison's, 
(fifty miles,) at which point a ferry crosses to the other side 
of the river. A day may thus be spent in the Highlands 
witli great delight, bringing improvement to the health, 
and furnishing the memory with a rich landscape, painted 
as only nature can paint it upon the mind. There is an 
excellent hotel at West Point, 

To Croton Dam. — Croton, a village 35 miles from New- 
York, on the Hudson River Railroad, is but a short walk 
from the famous Croton Dam. Plere a lake five miles in 
extent^ covering 400 acres, is formed by a dam 250 feet in 
length and 38 feet in width at the base, stretching across 
the Croton river. It is estimated to contain 650,000,000 
of gallons, and will allow a discharge of 60,000,000 of 
gallons daily. This place is well worth visiting. Cars 
leave the Chambers street depot, stopping to take up 
passengers at Tliirty-fourth street. A line of Broadway 
omnibuses convey passengers to the uj^per depot. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

CITY HALL, 

The City Hall is one of the most prominent buildings 
in New-York, standing near the centre of the Park, an 
area of about ten acres. From this situation it is seen 
in every direction to great advantage. A few years since, 
it was regarded as the finest building in tlie city, and 
now, with its interesting furniture and associations, com- 
mands great attention. Tlie front and ends are of white 
marble from Stockb ridge, Mass., but the back is constructed 
of free-stone. At the time it was built, marble was expen- 
sive, and it was determined to finish the back with 
cheaper stone. It was maintained that the population 
would never, to any extent, settle above Chambers street, 
and therefore the rear of the hall would seldom be seen. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 39 

The comer-stone was laid on the 26th of September, 1803, 
during the prevalence of the yellow fever. It was finished 
in 1812, and the expense, exclusive of furniture, amounted 
to half a million of dollars. The architect of the City Hall 
was Jolm McComb, Jr., who, at an advanced age, survived 
until Maj^, 1853. 

The City Hall is 216 feet long, 105 wide, and 51 high. 
It is two stories high above the basement, with a third or 
attic story in the centre building, from which rises a 
cupola. In the upper part of the cuj)ola a man is lodged, 
whose business it is to give alarm in case of fire, by ring- 
ing the big bell, which occupies a small cupola at the 
back part of the roof This bell is rung in cases of fire, 
when it indicates, by the number of its strokes, the part of 
the city where the fire is located. The City Hall bell 
weighs 10,000 lbs. : it is, with one exception, the largest in' 
New- York. Tliere are four entrances to the building — one 
in front, one in the rear, and one in each end : the latter 
communicates with the basement apartments. Tlie front 
entrance is on the first story, to which there is access by a, 
flight of twelve marble steps, surmounted by a portico of 
sixteen columns. In the centre of the rear of the building 
there is a projecting pediment. The first story, including 
the portico, is of the Ionic stj^le, the second of the Corin- 
tliian, the attic of the fancy, and the cupola of the com- 
posite. In the centre there is a double staircase, ascended 
by marble steps, at the top of which is a circular gallery, 
ornamented with ten marble columns, which support the 
ceiling. In the building there are twenty-eight offices and 
public rooms. The Governor's room is a long hall, running 
52 feet from wing to wing. It is used as a reception-hall 
by the Governor, Mayor, and other distinguished men. 
Its walls are hung with some of the finest pictures in Ame- 
rica, consisting principally of portraits of great national 
characters. Among them are the Governors of New-York, 
Mayors of the cit}'^ since the Revolution, some of the Dutch 
Governors, and the principal naval and military lieroes of 
the late war. Tliese were painted by Jarvis, Sully, 
Stewart, Inman, Page, and some other distinguished artists. 
The Common Council hall is a beautiful room, 42 feet long 
and 30 wide. It contains some fine portraits, and the 
chair which was occupied by Washington when President of 



40 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

the first Congress. The Assistant Aldermen's hall is spacious, 
elegantly furnished, and hung with valuable paintings, 
Access to these rooms and the roof, free of expense, may 
be had by any person, by inquiring at the keeper's room. 
The keeper has no right to ask for remuneration, as he 
receives a salary from the city to attend to this business ; 
but a small gratuity is usually given in acknowledgment 
of polite attention. The City Hall, with its many interest- 
ing relics and paintings, is much visited, and is well wor- 
thy the attention of the stranger and citizen. The pictures 
well repay the time spent in their examination. 

HALL OF RECORDS. 

This building, situated in the Park, east of the City Hall, 
was formerly a city prison, when it presented a very gloomy 
and unsightly appearance, being built of coarse black 
stone. It has since been stuccoed in imitation of marble, 
and two lofty porticoes added, consisting of four marble 
Ionic columns at each end. Its name indicates its present 
use. It was used during the time of the prevalence of the 
cholera, in 1832, as an hospital. 

HALLS OF JUSTICE. 

This building occupies the space between Centre, Elm, 
Leonard and Franklin streets, the site of the old Collect, a 
filthy pond, which had its outlet through Canal street. 
Tlie Ilalls of Justice is a much-admired specimen of modern- 
ized Egyptian architecture. It is built of light granite 
from Hallowell, Maine. It is 253 feet long, and 20O wide, 
and occupies the four sides of a hollow square, with a 
large centre building within the area. Tlie front is ap- 
proached by eight steps, leading to a portico of four mass- 
ive Egyptian columns. The windows, which extend to 
the height of two stories, have massive iron grated frames, 
surmounted with cornices, ornamented Avitli a winged globe 
and serpents. Tlie two fronts on Leonard and Franklin 
streets have each two entrances, with two massive columns 
each. The gloomy aspect of this building has won for it 
the general name of "The Tombs." It is occupied by the 
Court of Sessions, a police court, and some other court- 
rooms, besides a prison for male and female offenders 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 41 

awaiting trial. Tlie open court within the walls, is used 
as a place of execution for State criminals. 

The house of detention is a distinct and isolated building, 
142 feet in length, by 45 in width. It contains 148 cells. 
The lower cells are 6 feet 9 inches wide, 11 feet high and 
15 feet long, diminishing 18 inches in length in each story. 
They are provided with cast iron water-closets, hydrant, 
] water-cocks, ventilators, and are warmed by hot water 
pipes. Every part of the building is constructed in the 
most substantial manner, and with particular reference to 
the security of the prisoners. The building was finished 
in 18S8. The female department is entered from Leonard 
street. It is superintended by a matron, who keeps it in 
the most perfect order and neatness. She is very attentive 
to visitors, who can alwa3'S have gratuitous access, between 
10 A.M. and 2 P.M. The male prison opens on Franklin 
street. Persons can gain admittance here, on application 
for a written permit at the keeper's room, between 10 A. 
M. and 3 P.JVL 

CUSTOM-HOUSE. 

Tliis building equals any in the world, both in the 
beauty of its design and the durability of its construction. 
It is situated on the corner of Wall and Nassau streets. The 
building is in the form of a parallelogram, 200 feet long 
by 90 wide, and about 80 feet in height. Brick, granite 
and marble were used in its construction ; but its outside 
is entirely of marble from Massachusetts, except the steps. 
It is designed in imitation of the Parthenon at Athens, in 
the Doric order. At the southern end, on Wall street, is a 
portico of eight purely Doric columns, 6 feet 8 inches in 
diameter, and 32 feet high; and on the opposite end, on 
'Pine street, is a corresponding portico; on each side are 13 
pilasters, in keeping with the front pillars. The fi'ont por- 
tico is ascended by 18 granite steps. The interior is divided 
into a grand rotunda and numerous spacious rooms for the 
accommodation of officers. The rotunda is a magnificent 
room, 60 feet in diameter; the dome supported by 16 Co- 
rinthian columns, 30 feet high. These columns are beauti- 
fully wrought, the capitals being of the most exquisite 
Italian workmanship. The largest blocks of marble used 
in the building weigh 33 tons. The ceilings of the apart- 
4* 



42 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

meuts are arched, and rielil}^ ornamented with stucco. The 
roof is of marble ; the slabs weigh over SOO pounds, and lap 
over each other eight inches, to allow of the exj^ansive 
power and to keep out water. There is not a particle of 
wood in any part of the building, and it is probably the 
only structure in the world that has been erected so nearly 
fire-proof. The building was commenced in May, 1834, 
and finished in May, 1841. The cost, gx^ound inchided, 
was $1,195,000— -building alone, $950,000. The architect 
was John Frazee. The exquisite ornamental Avork was 
designed and executed by Horace Kneeland, since become 
famous as a sculptor. The number of officers employed 
in the Custom-House is 543. The building may be visited 
by the stranger any time during the day, from 10 A.M. to 
3 P.M. He will do well to enter at the side door in Nas- 
sau street, and from thence ascend to the roof, inspecting 
the various rooms as he goes up. Tlie key of the roof 
scuttle may be had b}^ inquiring at any of the ofiices on 
the u|>per floor. There is no objection to the stranger's 
visiting any part of the building. The roof commands a 
fine view of the harbor. 

MERCHANTS' EXCHAJfGE. 

The Merchants' Exchange is located between Wall street, 
Exchange Place, William and Hanover streets. It is built 
in the most substantial form, of blue Quincy granite, and is 
200 feet long by 171 to 144 feet wide, 11 feet high to the 
top of the cornice, and 124 to the top of the dome. The 
front on Wall street has a recessed portico of 18 massive 
Grecian Ionic columns, 38 feet high and 4 feet 4 inches in 
diameter, each formed from a solid block of stone, and 
weighing 45 tons. Besides numerous rooms for various 
purposes, the rotunda in the centre is 80 feet in diameter, 
with four recesses, making the length and breadth each 
100 feet, the whole 80 feet high, surmounted with a dome, 
resting in part on eight Corinthian columns of Italian mar- 
ble, 41 feet high, and lighted by a sk} light 25 feet in 
diameter. The granite columns cost !;-3,000 each. They 
are the largest whole columns in the world, with the ex- 
ception of a church in St. Petersburgh, The rotunda is 80 
feet in diameter, and will hold 3,0o6 persons. The archi 
tect was Isaiah Rogers. The building cost a little more 




AIEKCIIANTS' EXOHxVNGE. Pajre 42. 




NEW YOFwK UNIVEESITY. Tage 44. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 43 

than a million of dollars. It belongs to a corporation, 
and has been so far a losing investment, although its rooms 
command enormous rents. It contains a very extensive 
reading-room for merchant subscribers, accessible only to 
the stranger by introduction from a member, and the 
Board of Brokers occupy a room. The rotunda is used at 
2 o'clock as an exchange by the merchants, and at other 
hours by auctioneers for the sale of real estate and stocks. 
The stranger may visit all parts of the building. 

POST OFFICE. 

The Post Office building, formerly the Middle Dutch 
Church, is situated in Nassau street, between Cedar and 
Liberty streets. This building has stood over a hundred 
and fifty years, and nine generations have worshipped at 
its altar. It is not generally known that its steeple, and 
much of its interior wood-work, was brought from Hol- 
land. During the Revolutionary War, most of the churches 
were used by the British, and many of them much injured, 
but tliis church suffered most, being used successively as a 
riding-school, a prison, and an hospital. In 1790, it was 
repaired and used for public worship again. The United 
States Government some years ago converted it into a Post 
Office, and pay for its use the annual rent of ten thousand 
dollars. It now presents the appearance of a Post Office in 
the heart of a graveyard ; a circiimstance quite character- 
istic of New-Yoi'k enterprise. The numerous signs which 
appear on the building, point out the various points of 
communication with the interior. Its internal arrange- 
ments are very extensive and commodious. The Postmas- 
ter's room is so situated that he can see every thing going 
on in the building. Office hours from 8 A.M. to 7 P.M. 
On Sundays, from''9 to 10 A.M., and from U^ to U P.M. 
There are Penny Postmen attached to the office, who go 
their rounds twice a day, and deliver letters and papers to 
all who request them. 

THE ROTUNDA. 

This edifice, which (as the word imports) is of a circular 
form internally, was erected in the summer of 1818, for the 
exhibition of large panoramic paintings. It fronts in Cham- 
bers street, near the head of Cross street, occupying ground 



44 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

belonging to the corporation, which was granted to the 
projector, Mr. John Vanderlyn, the celebrated artist, free 
of rent for ten years, on condition that tlie building shovdd 
devolve to the city at the expiration of that time. It is 
constructed of brick, is fifty-three feet in diameter, and 
forty feet in height, surmounted with a Pantheon-shaped 
dome and skylight, through Avhich the interior is lighted 

It lias a portico, supported by four columns, fronting on 
the Park. It was for some years occupied by tlie Marine 
Court, and subsequently by the City Post Cffice. It is 
now occupied by the Croton Aqueduct Board and by the 
Governors of the Almshouse. It is at preseiit over- 
topped by the large new brown stone building erected at 
its side for the use of officers of the City Government. 

NEW-YORK UNIVERSITY, 

Situated between Washington Place and Waverly Place, 
fronts Washington Square towards the west, forming a 
noble ornament to the city, being built of Westchester 
marble, and exhibits a specimen of the English collegiate 
style of architecture. 

The building is 180 feet long and 100 wide. It was 
foimded in 1831. 

In front this oblong is divided into five parts — a central 
building, with wings flanked by towers, one rising on each 
of the four corners of the edifice. This central building or 
chapel is superior to the rest in breadth, height, and cha- 
racter, and is somewhat similar to that of King's College, 
Cambridge, England — a masterpiece of pointed architect- 
ure, and a model for succeeding ages. It is fifty-five feet 
broad and eighty-five feet deep, including the octangular 
turrets, one of which rises at each of the four corners. 
Tlie two ends are gabled, and are, as well as the sides, 
crowned with an embattled parapet. The cliapel receives 
its principal light from a window in the western end. This 
window is twenty-four feet wide and fifty high. From 
the central building, or chapel, wings project right and 
left, the windows of which have square heads, Avith two 
lights, a plain transom, and the upper division trefoiled. 
The principal entrance is under the great western window. 
The doors are of oak, richly panelled, and filled with tra- 
cery of open work, closely studded with bronze. 



!i •!:■ ■■« 







PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 45 

The institution has :i chancellor and eleven professors. 
It has in its collegiate department 150 students, and a valu- 
able library and philosophical apparatus. Connected with 
it is an extensive grammar school and a flourishing medical 
department. Tlie whole ntimber of students is about 700. 
Commencement, third Monday in July. 

The chapel is probably the most beautiful room of the 
kind in America. It is open to the public on Sundays for 
religious worship. The Library and rooms of the New- 
York Historical Society are in the building. The building 
is accessible to the visitor at all times. 

COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

Columbia College is situated at the foot of Park Place, 
near Broadway, with extensive grounds, beautifully orna- 
mented with a large growth of forest trees. It was char- 
tered by George IL, in 1754, by the name of King's Col- 
lege, iind confirmed, with the necessary alterations, by the 
Legislature of New- York, in 1787. It has a president and 
ten professors, 150 students, and 16,000 volumes in its 
libraries. The building is 200 feet long and 50 feet wide, 
with two projecting wings, one at each end, in which are 
accommodations for the families of the professors. It con- 
tains a chapel, lecture-rooms, hall, museum, and an exten- 
sive philosophical and chemical apparatus. Tliere is a 
flourishing grammar school attached to the institution, 
over which a professor presides as rector. 

THE FREE ACADEMY 

Is on Lexington avenue, corner of Twenty-third street, 
and may easily be reached by taking a Broadway and 
Fourth Avenue omnibus, or the Harlem rail-cars, opposite 
the Astor House. The building is SO feet wide, by 125 feet 
deep, and is intended to accommodate 1,000 pupils. It is 
in the st^de of tlie town-halls of the Netherlands, and is 
well adapted for its purpose, besides being a conspicuous 
ornament to tlie upper part of the city. 

The cost of the ground was $20,000, of the building 
$50,000, while the various appliances of apparatus and fur- 
niture have cost $10,000. The only requisites for admis- 
sion are a ku<>wledge of the branches taught in the public 



46 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

schools ; it being also reqiaired that the applicant should 
have been a pupil in one of these schools for at least one 
year. 

It may be added that the graduates of few of our col- 
leges could pass the final examination at the Free 
Academy. 

THE ASTOR LIBRARY, 

Lafayette Place, between Fourth street and Astor Place. 
A codicil appended to the will of the late John Jacob 
Astor, and dated August 22d, 1839, is as follows: 

" Desiring to render a public benefit to the city of New- 
York, and to conti'ibute to the advancement of useful 
knowledge and the general good of society, I do, by this 
codicil, appropriate $400,000, out of my residue estate, to 
the establishment of a Public Library in the city of New- 
York ; tlie said amount to be disposed of as follows : 

" 1. In the erecting of a suitable building for a public 
library. 

" 2. In furnishing and supplying the same, from time to 
time, with books, maps, charts, models, drawings, paint- 
ings, engravings, casts, statues, furniture, and other things 
appertaining to a library for general use, upon the most 
ample scale and liberal character. 

" 3. In maintaining and i;pholding the buildings and 
other property, and in defraying the necessary expenses of 
taking care of the property, and of the accommodation of 
persons consulting the library. 

" The said sum shall be payable, one third in the year 
after my decease, one third in the year following, and the 
residue in equal sums, in the fourth and fifth year of my 
decease. 

" The said library is to be accessible, at all reasonable 
hours and times, for general use, free of expense to per- 
sons resorting thereto, subject only to such control and 
regulations as the trustees may from time to time exercise 
and establish for general convenience." 

In the further provisions of the codicil, twelve trustees 
were appointed to conduct the aftairs and to hold the pro- 
perty of the institution. Also, the sum of $'76,000 was 
appropriated to be expended in the erection of the build- 
ing, and $120,000 to the purchase of books and other 




ASTOE LIBKAET. Page 46. 



• PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 47 

objects in tlie establishment of the library, and the residue, 
after paying for the site, to be invested as a fimd for the 
maintenance and gradual increase of the library. 

In accordance with the foregoing directions of Mr. Astor, 
a suitable building has been erected, and a collection 
amounting to about 80,000 volumes has been judiciously 
arranged within its walls. 

Dr. Cogswell, the learned and courteous librarian, has 
contributed about 1,000 bibliographical works, considering 
that department " of the first importance in the formation 
of a new and extensive library." 

The building is on the easterly side of Lafayette Place. 
The dimensions of the site were fixed by the founder of 
tJie library ; and the edifice, 65 front, by 120 in depth, 
covers the whole area. 

Out of the thirty plans submitted for an edifice, there 
were none found suited to the purposes of the library, 
though premiums of three and two hundred dollars were 
awarded to the two best plans. Under the direction, 
however, of Mr. Alexander Saeltzer, from Berlin, who 
obtained the first premium, a plan was drawn which was 
finall}' adopted on the 10th of December, 1849. Tlie trus- 
tees, though at first somewhat embarrassed with the 
limitation of the cost of the building to ^75,000, have still 
succeeded in erecting a substantial and beautiful edifice. 
The height from foundation to roof is 70 feet. It is built 
in the style of the Royal Palaces of Florence, and is partly 
composed of brown cut stone, and partly of brick. The 
truss-beams supporting the roof are made of cast iron 
pipes, in a parabolic form. 

The first floor contains the Lecture and Reading-Rooms, 
with accommodations for 500 persons. Tlie latter are 
located on either side of the building, and separated from 
the Library Hall stairway at the front entrance by two 
corridors leading to the rear vestibule, and from thence to 
the Lecture-Room, &c. 

The basement contains the Keeper's rooms, cellars, coal, 
vaults, furnaces for warming, <fec. The floors are com- 
posed of richly wrought mosaic work, resting on iron 
beams. 

A single flight of thirty-eight Italian marble steps, 
decorated on either side of the entrance by a stone sphini^ 



48 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

leads nearly to the centre of the Library Hall in the second 
stor}^ This is surrounded by fourteen brick piers, 
plastered and finished in imitation of Italian marble, and 
supporting iron galleries midway between the floor and 
the ceiling. By four iron spiral stairways from the corners 
of the room the main gallery is reached, and the inter- 
mediate gallery, of a lighter description, is connected with 
the main gallery by eight staircases. The whole is very 
ingeniously arranged, and appropriately ornamented in a 
style corresponding with the general architecture of the 
building. At an elevation of 51 feet above is the principal 
stjdight, 54 feet long by 14 broad, and formed of thick 
glass set in iron. Besides this, there are circular side sky- 
lights of smaller dimensions. Tliese, in connection with the 
side and rear windows, furnish all needful light. Iron fret- 
work, in different parts of the ceiling, secures a full ventila- 
tion. In the extreme rear are the two librarian's rooms, 
which are accessible by means of the main galleries. The 
present number of volumes in the library is 80,000, which 
have cost about |1 20,000. 

THE NEW BIBLE HOUSE. 

One of the largest buildings in New- York is the new 
)Bible House, occupying about three fourths of an acre of 
ground, boimded b}- Third and Fourth Avenues and Eighth 
and ISinth streets, the property of the American Bible 
Society. The shape of the building is nearly a triangle, 
with unequal sides. It has a front of 198 feet on Fourth 
Avenue, 202 feet on Eighth street, 96 feet on Third Avenue, 
and 232 on Ninth street, making a total front of over 700 
feet. The depth of the building is 60 feet. Tliere is a 
large area in the centre. 

The height of the building from the sidewalk is over 10 
feet, divided into six stories. It is substantially built of 
brick, with brown stone trimmings, and has cost between 
$250,000 and $300,000. Tlie building is commanding in 
appearance. Occupying a block by itself, it is safe from 
exposure to fires, and from damage to books in the pro- 
cess of manufacture, by dust, smoke, or vapor from other 
buildings, as none are adjoining. It also has every facility 
of light and air ; and from it is had a most commanding 
view of the surrounding city and coimtry, land and 
water. 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 49 

The principal entrance, on Fourth Avenue, is decorated 
by four round columns, with Corinthian capitals and 
moillded bases, resting upon panelled and moulded pedes- 
tals, and semicii'cular arches are placed between the 
columns to form the heads of doors, (fee. ; and all sur- 
mounted with a heavy cornice and segment pediment. 
This ornamental work reaches to the height of five stories. 
In a nitch in the fourth story of this rich work stands a 
large-sized draped female figure, carved in broAvn stone, 
representing Religion, pointing with one hand to heaven, 
and with the other to an open Bible, the guide to immor- 
tality. 

The receipts of the Society the first year of its opera- 
tions, 1816-17, were |3Y,779 35; and it issued 6,410 
Bibles, but no Testaments. Its income has continued to 
increase, with some fluctuations, but rapidly, xmtil, in the 
thirty-sixth year of its operations, 1851-'62, its receipts 
reached the sum of $308,744 81 ; and its distributions 
amounted to 221,450 Bibles, and 444,565 Testaments. 
Since its oi'ganization, the Society has received about 
$4,500,000, and has put into circulation an aggregate of 
about 9,000,000 Bibles and Testaments. Of the above 
income, it has made grants amounting to $500,000 to aid 
in the publication of the Scriptures at various missionary 
stations in foreign lands. It has supplied thousands of 
seamen with the Scriptures ; and sent them by seamen to 
nearlj^ every part of the world. Criminals in jails and 
penitentiaries have been supplied ; rooms in many of the 
hotels and many of the railroad station-houses have been 
furnished. The Bible has also been carried into hundreds 
of thousands of families throughout the country. Deposi- 
tories for the Bible liave been opened in every part of the 
land. At the present time, the Scriptures, in whole or in 
part, are in print in over 200 languages ; the American 
Bible Society having published the whole Bible, or por- 
tions of it, in 24 tongues, and aided in issuing it in others. 
In addition to the apai'tments of the Society, the Bible 
House contains a great number of well-arranged offices, to 
which access is mainly had by the entrance on the Fourth 
Avenue side. Tlie following organizations have their 
rooms in the building : namely. The Protestant Episcopal 
Society for the Promotion of Evangelical Knov leJge ; the 
5 



60 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; 
American Home Missionary Society ; Protestant Episcopal 
Foreign and Domestic Committees ; New-York State 
Colonization Society ; the Society for the Amelioration of 
the Condition of the Jews ; House of Eefuge ; Children's 
Aid Society ; Home of the Friendless, and the New- York 
Society Library. Tlie room of the managers of the Ameri- 
can Bible Society is a chapel-like building, extending into 
the yard from the Fourth Avenue front. The total num- 
ber of persons employed in the building when the Society 
is in operation, is about 580. 

The building is supplied with Croton, lighted by gas, 
and warmed b}^ steam. The steam boiler-room is in the 
yard. The building is divided into four distinct parts by 
tire-proof walls and doors. There is no fire in the build- 
ing, except in the stores. 

THE COOPER inVION. 

With a munificence never, as we believe, equalled in 
New- York by a living man, Mr. Peter Cooper, a merchant., 
has set apart from his fortune the sum of 1300,000 for the 
purpose of founding an institution to be called "The 
Union," for the moral, mental and physical improvement 
of the youth of this city, of the State, and of the world. 
Tlie building is in Astor Place, opposite the new Bible 
House. The edifice is six stories high, occupying a space 
equal in extent to eight full lots, each 25 feet by 100, or 
20,000 square feet. In the basement is a commodious 
lecture-room, 135 feet long, and in the iipper story an 
observatory. The Union provides free courses of lectures, 
a free library, rooms for debating and other societies, and 
an office for the benefit of persons seeking literary employ- 
ment, where their names and wishes may be registered, 
and applications for their services received. The institu- 
tion is expected to open in the autumn of 1854. 



MISCELLANEOUS PLACES WORTH 
VISITING IN NEW-YORK. 

CROTON ACQUEDUCT. 

At the city charter election in 183.5, it was voted to 
construct this acqueduct, the vote standing 11,367 in favor, 
and 5,963 against it. It was then estimated to cost five or 
six millions of dollai's. It has, however, cost the city over 
twelve millions. It was commenced in 183*7, and its com- 
pletion celebrated on the 14th day of October, 1842. It 
is, perhaps, the noblest work of the kind in any country, 
not excepting tlie monuments of olden times, which have 
been for ages the admiration of the world. By its facili- 
ties 'we are sup[)licd with the very best of water for 
culinary purposes, and an iTufailing means for the extin- 
guishment of tires. Excluding tlie grand reservoir, which 
is five miles long, the length of the aqueduct, from the 
upper dam to the distributing reservoir on Murray Hill, 
is 40t} miles. The dam crosses the Croton river six miles 
fx'om its mouth, on the Hudson. This dam gives an eleva- 
tion to the water of 166 feet above the mean tide of the 
Hudson river. From this dam the aqueduct rims south- 
erly through the valley of the Hudson, 32 miles to the 
edge of the Harlem river valley. The whole of the dis- 
tance is one continuous underground canal, of stone and 
brick masom-y. The Harlem river and valley is crossed 
by a magnificent bridge of solid masonr}^ From the Har- 
lem river the conduit of masonry is resumed, but again 
interrupted by iron pipes in the IManhattan valley. It 
finally reaches the great Reoeivixg Heservoir on York Hill, 
about five miles from the City Hall. Tlie receiving reser- 
voir includes an area of 35 acres. It is 1,826 feet long, 
and 836 feet wide, and divided by a cross wall into two 
separate apartments. This reservoir is constructed of 
immense embankments of solid stone masomy. It will con- 
tain 20 feet depth of water, and 150,000,000 gallons. From 
the receiving reservoir the aqueduct is continued with 
cast-iron pi])es, two miles to the Distributing Reservoir at 
Murray Hill. Tliis reservoir contains an area of more 



52 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

than four acres, and is 2,120 feet square. It is divided 
into two basins by a partition wall. Its enclosing walla 
have an average height of 44A feet. It is three miles from 
the City Hall. It is constructed of solid masonry, with 
hollow walls, built of granite. It is in the Egj^ptian style 
of architecture, and presents a very imposing appearance. 
It has angular buttresses projecting from the wall, and 
elevated several feet above the main building. An 
iron railing encloses the walk or promenade which is 
formed on the top of the walls. In the central pilasters 
are doors leading to the pipe chambers in the walls, where 
the cocks are regulated. On the east side a door is cut 
and stairs constructed within the wall, which ascend to 
the top. The reservoir holds 30 feet de]-)th of water, with 
its surface 115 feet above mean tide. The basin measures 
20,000,000 of gallons. From the distributing reservoir 
the water is drawn through large cast-iron pipes, which 
lead through the central parts of the city, and from which 
the distribution of water is made by small lateral pipes, 
diminishing in size as they go from the larger ones. There 
are over 200 miles of these pipes, and their length is daily 
increasing. The country for most of the distance traversed 
by the aqueduct consists of a series of transverse ridges 
and ravines, mostly made up of rock, all of which had to 
be excavated, timnelled or embanked, at an enormous 
expense. There are sixteen tunnels, varying in length 
from 100 to over 1,000 feet each. There are 114 culverts of 
masonrj", varying in span from 1.^ to 25 feet each, crossing 
many large streams, principally in Westchester county. 
The canal is built of stone, brick and cement, arched over 
and under, 6 feet 3 inches wide at the bottom, 7 feet 8 
inches at the top of the side walls, and 8 feet 5 inches 
high ; has a descent of 13J inches per mile, and will distri- 
bute 60,000,000 of gallons in 24 hours. The most important 
structure is the High Bridge over the Harlem river. The 
Harlem valley is a quarter of a mile wide, and the river 
620 feet ; and the whole is crossed by the bridge. Tliere 
are eight arches over the river, with a span of 80 feet 
each, springing from piers 20 feet wide at the spring line, 
which is 60 feet above the surface of the river at high 
water. The \mder side of the arches are 100 feet from 
the river's surface. There are several other arches spring- 



MISCELLANEOUS PLACES WORTU VISITING. 53 

ing from the ground, of 50 feet span each. The whole 
structure is of hewn granite, and measures 1,450 feet 
The water crosses this bridge in iron pipes, and over this 
there is a way wide enough for carriages, but which is 
open only to foot-passengers. 

The Croton contains, by analysis, about five grains of 
solid matter to the gallon. The Scliuylkill, or Fairmount 
water, a little less. In proof of the great jKirity of the 
Croton water, we may mention the following interesting 
fact: In April, 1852, for the first time since it was filled, 
in July, 18-12, the Distributing Reservoir was drawn ofi:' 
for the purpose of examining the interior, and making such 
repaii's as its condition might require. It was found to be 
as sound and perfect as when it left the hands of the eon- 
tractors, (Messrs. Thomson Price & Son;) not the slightest 
crack or settlement being discovered in the entire basin ; 
though subjected for ten years to the enormous pressure 
of two hundred and fiftj^ millions of pounds. It may 
therefore be placed among the most enduring structures 
of modern times. The sediment found on its bottom was 
not equal to one inch of solid matter ; and when it is con- 
sidered that a large portion of this is doubtless the pro- 
duct of dust carried into it b}'' high winds, it most satisfac- 
torily proves how small a quantity of foreign matter is 
held in suspension when the water arrives in the city. 

The introduction of the Croton water has had the effect of 
reducing the rates of insurance about 40 cents on the 100 
dollars. The facilities for extinguishing fires have greatly 
increased, as there are fire hydrants at short intervals 
all over the city. There are also free hydrants at con- 
venient intervals in the streets for public use. Fire plugs 
are not sutfered to be opened, except by autliority of 
certain officers. 

From the last report of the Board we learn that the daily 
delivery in the city for a large portion of tlie years 1852 
and 1853 has been about thirty millions of gallons a day — 
often in the last-named year at least five millions more, 
drawn from the reservoirs on the island — giving to each 
inhabitant within the water district (not more than four 
hundred and fifty thousand) a daily supply of nearly 
ninety gallons. 

In order to conve}'^ an idea of the lavish use of the 
5* 



54 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

element on the part of the New-Yorkers, it may be added, 
thtit the daily supply of the city of London, with a popu- 
lation of two millions, does not exceed 40,000,000 of 
gallons. 

The nett sum of water-rates for the year 

1852 is reported at $519,572 56 

Some of the largest consumers of water are as follows: 

Howel, King & Co., sugar refiners, 88 

days — average per day 1*70,291 gallonSi 

People's Bathing and Washing Estab- 
lishment, 186 days — average per day, 23,214 " 

R. & L. Stuart, sugar refiners, 238 days — 

average per day 48,690 " 

Hodgkiss & Co., dye and print works, 34 

days — average per day 2i,'736 " 

Ockerhausen, sugar refiner, 1*74 days — 

average per day 11,639 *' 

THE niCin BBIDGE 

At Harlem, mentioned in the preceding article, is 
an object of great interest, and should be visited by all 
strangers. The fare b}^ a hackney coach, for one or 
more passengers, is five dollars, with the privilege of 
remaining two or three hours at the bridge. It can 
likewise be reached pleasantly and expeditiously hj the 
Harlem Railroad. Cars leave the depot at the corner 
of Chatham and Centre streets almost every hour. Fare, 
12^ cents. On reaching the depot at Harlem, omnibuses 
are in waiting to convey passengers to the bridge at a 
charge of 18| cents. 

THE ARSENAL 

Is situated on Fifth Avenue, between Sixty-second and 
Sixtj^-fifth streets, and is 200 feet front by 60 feet deep, 
exclusive of the towers. The building may be reached by 
either the Harlem cars or the Sixty-first street stages, 
which run to the spot almost every hour. The cost of the 
edifice was $80,000. 

The Old Arsenal, or City Armory, occupies the lot on 
the corner of White street and Elm street^ and contains a 




^-5 

1/2 



MISCELLANEOUS PLACES WORTH VISITING. 



55 



drill-room, with a place of deposit for arms and tropliies 
taken from the British in the Revolutionary War 



THE STEAM MARINE. 

The American steamship Savannah, built at New-York, 
and commanded by Capt. Rodgers, of New-Bedford, sailed 
from Savannah and arrived at Liverpool in June, 1819. 
This was undeniably the first vessel that ever crossed the 
Atlantic by steam. 

The Savannah, of 300 tons, commenced the generous 
rivalry in steam navigation between Great Britain and 
the United States. There are now upwards of 70 steam- 
vessels, varying in tonnage from 600 to 3000 tons, which 
bring New- York into intercourse with Europe, California, 
and our Southern ports ; there being in all 16 companies, 
owning no less than 76 vessels, the aggregate of whose 
tonnage is 129,000 tons. Transatlantic communication 
is maintained by means of 18 steamers, which belong as 
follows : 

9 Steamers Cunard Line, 

4 " Collins, .... 

2 " Ocean Steam Nav. Co., 

2 " New- York and Havre Co., 

1 " Glasgow and New-York " 



19,000 


tons. 


12,000 


(( 


3,400 


(( 


4,400 


u 


1,962 


(( 



40,762 



The CuN.AJEUJ Steamees are the 





Tons. 




Tons. 


Arabia, 


2,500 


Africa, 


. 2,200 


Asia, . 


2,200 


Niagara, 


. 1,800 


Europa, 


1,800 


Canada, 


. 1,800 


America, 


1,800 


Cambria, 


. 1,500 


Persia, 

fm_ . -r» ?. •_ -J? 


3,100 


J •_ __;,i i- r 


. j.1. - 1 



The Persia is of iron, and is said to be the largest 
Bteamer in the world. In addition to these are several 
other iron screw steamers in process of construction for 
this company ; viz., The Alps, The Taurus, The Teneriffe, 
Tlie Baalbec, Tlie Melita, The Etna, and The Jura, varying 
in size from 1,000 to 2^000 tons. 



56 • CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

The Steamships of the Collins Lim: are the 

Tons. Tons. 



Atlantic, . . 3,000 
Pacific, . . 3,000 

Baltic, . . 8,000 



Arctic, . . 3,000 



Total, . . 12,000 ' 

The eno;ines of the Atlantic and Arctic are from the 
Novelty Works of Messrs. Stillman & Allen, K e w-York ; 
those of the Pacific and Baltic from the Allaire Works, 
Messrs. Secor & Braisted. 

The Arctic, of this line, has made the quickest passage 
of Atlantic steamers from New-York to Liverpool, accom- 
plishina; it in nine days seventeen honrs. 

This, however, is said to have been exceeded by the 
Baltic, ill a passage whose actual mmning time was only 
nine days tliirteen hours and forty-five minutes. 

The CuNARD steamers lie at Jersey City ; those of the 
Collins line at the foot of Canal street, New-York. 

The ships of the Ocean Steam Navigation Company are 
the Washington, 1,700 tons; and the Herman, 1,700. 
These ships, although substantial, and capable of carrying 
large cargoes, have usually been excelled in speed b}' 
those of other lines. They run between New-York and 
Bremen, touching at Southampton, England. 

The New- York and Havre Steam Navigation Company 
have two ships: viz., the Franklin, 2,200 tons; and the 
Humboldt, 2.200. They are not noted for speed. 

Tlie Glasgow and New- York Steamship Company have 
one ship: viz., the Glasgow, 1,962 tons; making, as we 
have said, a total of five companies and eighteen steam- 
ships, engaged in transatlantic navigation. 

Steam Communication with Southern Ports of the 
United States and the West India Islands. — The New- 
York ai^d Charleston Steamship Company have the follow- 
ing vessels: the Marion, 1,200; the Union, 1,500; the 
Southerner, 1,000; the James Adger, 1,500. 

The New-York and Alabama Steamship Company have 
the Black Warrior, of 1,900. She sails to New-Orleans, 
Mobile, and Havana. 

The ships of the New- York and Savannah Steaiviship 
Company are the Florida, 1,300 ; the Alabama, 1,300 ; the 
Augusta, a new ship, is 1,350. These ships make the trip 
to Savannah in about 60 hours. 



MISCELLANEOUS PLACES WOETH VISITING. 57 

The Roanoke, 1,050 ; and the Jamestown, 1,050, ply 
between this port and Petersbui'g, Norfolk, and Richmond, 
and belong to the Virgixia Steamship Company. 

The We-^t Ixdia steamers are the Empire Citj, Crt scent 
City, and the Cherokee, and run between this port, New- 
Orleans, and Havana. 

The Royal Mail steamship Petrel is a new ship of 
800 tons, sailing between New- York, Bermuda, and St 
Thomas. 

The Pacific Mail Steamship Company has 14 steamers, 
and carries the mail to California and Oregon, in connec- 
tion w ith the United States Mail Steamship Company on 
the Atlantic side. The steamships of the Pacific Com- 
pany are: Tlie Golden Gate, 2,500; Northerner, 1,200; 
RepubUc, 1,200 ; Oregon, 1,099 ; Panama, 1,08*7 ; Cali- 
fornia, 1,050 ; Columbia, 800 ; Carolina, 600 ; Columbus, 
600 ; Isthmus, 600 ; Unicorn, 600 ; Fremont, 600 ; John L. 
Stephens, 2,500. 

The United States Mail Steamship Line consists of the 
Georgia, 3,000; Ohio, 3,000; lUinois, 2,500; Empire City, 
2,000; Crescent City, 1,500; Cherokee, 1,300; Philadel- 
phia, 1,200 ; El Dorado, 1,300 ; Fulton, 1,000 ; George Law, 
2,800 ; in all, 10. 

Tlie transit of the Isthmus by the Panama Railroad is 
performed in from 18 to 24 hours. 

Vanderbilt's Line for San Francisco via Nicaragua. — 
There are in this line 1 ships: The Northern Light, 2,500; 
Prometheus, 1,500; Pacific, 1,200 ; Morning Star, 2,500; 
Brother Jonathan, 2,100; Star of the West, 1,600 ; Daniel 
Webster, 1,200.' 

The New- York and California Steamship Line, via 
Aspinwall and Panama. — The Winfield Scott, 2,100; 
United States, 1,500; Cortes, 1,800; Union, 1,500, belong 
to this line, to which are soon to be added 4 more superior 
vessels of like size and build. 

The Empire City Line has the Sierra Nevada, 1,800 ; 
San Francisco, 3,000. 

The number of steamers thus seen 'to be engaged in the 
California trade is about 40. Tliose running to Southern 
ports of the United States and to the West Indies, number 
lY ; to which adding the number of those which ply 
across the Atlantic, and we have a navy of about 80 



68 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

vessels, to which, large as it is, accessions are being con- 
stantly made. The Southern and California steamships 
lie at tlie piers north of the Battery, on the Hudson river 
side. 

PACKET AND CLIPPER-SHIPS. 

The ships of Kew-York, and especially the clippers, are 
objects of interest to the stranger. Splendid vessels of 
both kinds are alw^ays to be found at our docks, and may 
be examined at all times without inconvenience. Their 
elegant cabins, vast size and exquisite models, excite the 
admii-ation and wonder of those unused to such things. 
Their cabins are often fitted up at a vast expense, and 
their whole build and finish render them superior to any 
other vessels in the connncrcial world. 

Among the finest of the packets may be mentioned the 
American Congress, Star of the West, and Alfred the 
Great. The largest and finest clippers ,are the Challenge, 
The Invincible, the Flying Cloud, The White Squall, and 
The Queen of the Clippers. 

RIVER BOATS. 

The successful establishment of steamboats in this State* 
by Robert Fulton, in 1806, was one of the most important 
events to this country, and to the world at large, that has 
ever occurred. The success of Fulton, in spite of the 
opinions of his friends, excited the bitterest enmity in 
those whose interests were atfected and disturbed; but 
this was soon silenced by strong legislative enactments for 
protection, and the powerful voice of public opinion. A 
compan}^ was chartered, with exclusive privileges, for the 
purpose of nmning boats on the Hudson river, for a 
limited number of years. This monopoly became ex- 
tremely lucrative, and in a few years tfae legality of 
the charter was contested, and Fulton's supposed rights 
overthrown by the United States Supreme Court. Imme- 
diately after this decision, a superabundance of steamboats 
were built, and the effect of opposition was manifested in 
the reduction of the fare from eight dollars to fou]-, and 
even twD dollars. Fulton did not live to see this consum- 
matiou. Our limits will not permit of a minute detail of 



MISCELLANEOUS PLACES WORTH VISITING. 59 

the interesting particulai's connected with the rise and 
progress of steam navigation in New- York. The stranger 
will hardly be satisfied without seeing some of the noble 
specimens of steam architecture which abound at our 
docks. The North river boats are generally lighter and 
more graceful than the Sound steamers, but they lack the 
appearance of strength which characterizes the latter. 
They are, however, fitted up in most superb style, and all 
that the arts of gilding, carpentry, and furnishing can do 
to make them perfect specimens of naval architectui-e, has 
beerf lavished on them. The Sound steamers' berths are 
on the North river, near the Battery. The North river 
steamboats can be fouad all along the Hudson river, from 
the Battery to Grand street. 

SHIP-YARDS. 

The extensive ship-yards in the north-east part of the 
city, in the region called Dry Dock, are very interesting 
places of resort. Here may be found ships of the largest 
class, and steamers of every dimension, in progress, and a 
vast variety of naval operations, rendering it a scene of 
infinite variety and interest. Extensive machine-shops, 
for steam-engines, will be found here also. 

SECTIONAL BOCK. 

This interesting machine, located at the foot of Pike 
street, attracts great attention. It consists of a series 
of tanks or vessels, connected together by timber frame- 
work, which may be sunk by filling them with water, 
and floated again by pumping them dry. In the pro- 
cess of lifting a vessel, the tanks are filled and sunk, 
and the vessel is floated over the frame-work, which 
gradually lifts her out of water, as the tanks are emptied 
Dy pumping out their contents, by means of a steam- 
engine. The several tanks are sufficiently buoyant to lift 
tlie heaviest vessel ; and by this means the Great Britain, 
the largest hull in the world, was raised far enough to 
repair her propeller. 

Near to the sectional dock, there is another on a 
different plan. The vessel is raised by means of a series 
of pulleys, which, coming from a common point of purchase. 



60 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

diverge, and are attached at different points along the 
length of a platform, on which the vessel rests, and which 
lifts her out of the water, as the several pulleys act. The 
pullej^s are acted upon by the powerful influence of a 
hydraulic pump. 

Still another plan may be found in successful operation 
at the ship-yards. It is built on the plan of an inclined 
railway, the vessel being pulled out of water and carried 
up the inclined plane on a carriage, drawn by horse 
power. Tliis plan has been in successful operation many 
years. • 

FORTS AND FORTIFICATIONS. 

The National Government has not been unmindful of 
fortifying the defenses of this important city and harbor, 
and during the last twenty years, enormous expenses have 
been and still continue to be bestowed upon this important 
subject. Sufficient has been done to render the city safe 
from sudden attack by sea or land. 

Tlie principal defense consists in the strong works at 
the Narrows. On the right, this entrance is commanded 
by Fort Hamilton and Fort Lafayette. Fort Hamilton is 
situated on Long Island, and is a very complete and 
beaxitifiil work. It protects Fort Lafayette, which stands 
on Hendrick's Reef, two hundred yards from the shore. 
Fort Lafayette has three tiers of guns, and is a very strong 
and efficient protection to the Narrows. It has a very 
picturesque and castellated appearance. On the opposite 
side this passage is defended by Fort Tompkins and Fort 
Richmond. Fort Tompkins is situated on Staten Island 
height, and has xmder its protection many sea-coast 
batteries, among which is a permanent battery on the 
beach, called Fort Richmond. Fort Tompkins is in a 
dilapidated state, and being built in a very costly manner, 
it presents, in its ruinous condition, a very picturesque 
appearance. Its nimierous underground passages, which 
are very extensive, and the splendid prospect enjoyed from 
its castellated summit, render it an object of great attrac- 
tion. It is about three miles from the quarantine station. 
All these forts may be visited at any time. 

To protect the inner harbor, there are Forts Columbus 
and Castle William, on Governor's Island, and the works 



MISCELLANEOUS PLACES WOKTH VISITING. 61 

on Bedlow's find Ellis's Islands, which unitedly inonnt 
over a hundred cannon, of the largest calibre. Vast quan- 
titie3 of ordnance and ammunition of every kind are de- 
posited in these public stores. 

Castle William is a circular stone batter}^, six himdred 
feet in circumference, and sixty feet high. The walls are 
ten feet thick, and in the castle are barracks and maga- 
zines, and two curious geometrical stone staircases, lead- 
ing from the lower tier to the terrace. This fort forms a 
very picturesque object in the harbor. 

Fort Columbus, on the same island, is built in the star 
form, consisting of several batteries, with a covered way 
leading to Castle William. On the island are barracks, 
where are constantly stationed a corps of United States 
soldiers. There is another small battery on the island. 
Governor's Island was formerly covered with trees, and 
nuts were obtained from it for the early inhabitants, from 
which latter circumstance it received at one time the 
name of Nut Island. It was afterwards laid out in gar- 
dens for the English governors. Row-boats belonging to 
the fort are constantly plying between the island and 
Castle Garden bridge, which will take and return any 
passenger who is desirous of seeing the forts. 

There are several other fortifications, intended for the de- 
fense of the city, but they are remote, on Long Island Sound. 

THE NAVAIi DRY DOCK. 

There is perhaps no modern structure that compares 
with this national work, either in the dimensions or the 
durability of the materials of which it is composed, or the 
beauty and accuracy of their workmanship. It is the 
largest dry dock in the world, and will remain for ages 
one of the proudest monuments of the engineering and 
mechanical skill of the nineteenth century. Eighty thou- 
sand tons of stone have been used in its construction. 
The masonry foundations are four hundred feet in length, 
and one hundred and twenty feet in breadth. The main 
chamber is two himdred and eighty-six feet long and 
thirty feet broad at the bottom, three hundred and seven 
feet long and ninety-eight feet broad at the top, within 
the folding gates. By using the floating-gate, an addi- 
tional length of fifty feet may be obtained. The height 
& 



62 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

of the wall is thirty-six feet. The smallest face-stone 
exceeds three thousand pounds in weight, and the average 
is about six thousand pounds. The quantity of cement 
used was twenty-nine thousand one hundred and forty- 
seven barrels. The work was just ten years in process of 
construction. The aggregate expenditure exceeds two 
million one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Four 
hours and twenty minutes is the time required for the 
complete docking of the largest ship. 



PUBLIC SQUARES. 

BATTERY. 

This is the most delightful promenade in the city, and 
one of the finest in the world. The view from this spot 
embraces the whole of the bay, its islands and fortifica- 
tions, and the shores of New-Jersey. The intense heat of 
summer, which compels most people to keep within doors, 
is here moderated by the fresh sea-breezes from the ocean 
below. Originally this point of land was fortified by the 
Dutch, who threw up embankments, upon which they 
placed some pieces of cannon. In process of time it 
became overgrown with grass and lofty sycamores, and 
became a favorite resort of the old burghers, who repaired 
to its grateful shade to smoke and gossip. It became the 
favorite walk of declining age ; the healthful resort of the 
feeble invalid; the Sunday refreshment of the dusty 
tradesman ; the scene of many a boyish gambol ; the com- 
fort of the citizen, and the pride and ornament of Man- 
hattan. Some years since, the City Government expended 
$150,000 in beautifying the groimd, embanking and fenc- 
ing its front, grading its walks, and surrounding it with 
costly iron railing. Originally its present site was a 
bristling mass of rocks, but this appearance has long since 
vanished. The Battery approaches the form of a crescent, 
widened at its extremities, and contains about eleven acres. 
Extensive additions to its area are now being made. 

THE PARK 

"Was in early times called the CommonSy being the 
unappropriated ground in the outskirts of the city. It 



PUBLIC SQUARES. 63 

contains about ten acres and a half. Rows of trees are 
planted here, and on many places in the Park, which is 
interspersed with walks that aiford a cool and shady 
retreat in summer weather. The whole is surrounded 
by an iron railing that cost the city $15,000. It contains 
the City Hall, what is called the New City Hall, Rotunda, 
and Hall of Records. On the south end there was a marble 
gateway, beautifully finished, which was founded with 
great pomp, the Ma^^or presiding at the ceremonies, and 
depositing in one of the vases various coins, papers, and 
memorials of present times. Two of the stone balls sur- 
mounting the posts were presented to the city by Com. 
Perry, thev having come into his possession as gifts from 
the Turkish Government, having been used by the Turks as 
cannon balls. This gateway has been removed, and its 
place supplied by iron posts. 

The Park contains the largest fountain in the city. The 
basin is one hundred feet in diameter, and the circum- 
ference is sometimes entirely filled by the various jets of 
the "holiday fountain." The machinery of the fountain 
is so arranged as to supply a variety of forms in the jets, 
and they may be changed in a few minutes. When the 
water is thrown up in a single stream, it ascends to the 
height of about seventy feet. Tlie basin is ornamented 
with a very elegant marble rim, flowers, &c. 

BOWLING GREEN. 

The Bowling Green, at the southern end of Broadway, 
occupies ground immediately in front of the site of the 
old Dutch fort and church, and was used during the 
Revolution, by the British, for a bowling alley. It con- 
tained before the Revolution a leaden equestrian statue 
of George HI., which was ]Mdled down by the populace, 
and converted into muskel -balls. It contains a fountain, 
built at the expense of the owners of the surrounding 
property. The fountain formerly emerged from an 
uncouth pile of stone, but this has given place to the 
present more appropriate structure. 

HUDSON SQUARE, 

Or St. John's Park, between Be.ach, Laight, Varick and 
Hudson streets, was formerly a low sandy beach, partly 



64 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

covered with water at liigh tide. It belongs to the Vestry 
of Triuit}^ Church, but has been reserved as a permanent 
square. It is accessible to the people in its neighborhood, 
who have keys. Any person may hire a key of the 
keeper for a small annual sum. It is beautifully laid out 
with walks, shaded with a lofty growth of trees, with 
numeroiis beds of rare flowers, and surrounded with an 
iron fence, which cost $26,000. It contains a very 
tasty fountain, and is by far the most beautiful public 
sqiTare in the city, it contains about four acres of land. 

WASHINGTON SQUARE. 

Another great and most effective ornament to the city 
was formed by laying out the ground formerly occupied 
as a Potter's Field. The bones were collected in a vast 
trench, one on each side of the square, which were enclosed 
with fences, and planted with trees. For many years this 
was used for burial purposes, and it is computed that over 
a hundred thousand bodies have been buried where now 
assemble for pleasure multitudes of living beings. The 
Square is surroimded with splendid private houses, and on 
one side is the University building and a splendid church. 
One third of the ground comprisiiig the square was pur- 
chased for $80,000, making a gross value of $240,000 
devoted to the improvement of this quarter of the city. 
The square contains a little over nine acres, and is orna- 
mented with a fountain. 

UNION PARK 

Is an oval enclosure at the head of Broadway, between 
Fourteenth and Seventeenth streets, one and three quarter 
miles from the City Hall. It is enclosed with an iron fence, 
of great beauty and cost, and has besides a beautiful 
fountain with ornamental jets. 

TOMPKINS SQUARE, 

Formerly used for a parade ground, is one of the largest 
squares in the city. It is not yet much frequented, as the 
trees are young. It is between Avenues A and B, and 
between Seventh and Tenth streets. 



PRINCIPAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 65 

STUYVESANT saUARE 

Is between Fifteenth and Seventeenth streets, and from 
being divided by the Second Avenue, is in fact two sepa- 
rate squares. On the west side is the imposing front of 
St. George's Church, one of the most costly and noble 
edifices in the city. The ground occupied by the Square 
was presented to the Corporation of the church by the 
late Peter Gr. Stuyvesant. 

GRAMMERCY PA:RK, 

Although smaller than several of those already named, 
is still worthy of notice, from being one of the most beauti- 
ful enclosures in New-York. It lies between Twentieth 
and Twenty-first streets, and the Third and Fourth Ave- 
nues, This Park is private propert}'^, having been ceded 
to the owners of the lots which surround it by the en- 
lightened liberality of Samuel B. Ruggles, Esq. 



PRINCIPAL BENEVOLENT mSTITUTIONS. 

NEW- YORK HOSPITAJL. 

This institution, located in Broadway, between Duane 
and Anthony streets, was founded in 1771, by the Earl of 
Dunmore, at that time Governor of the Colony. The 
institution has an annual revenue from various sources of 
about $80,000, which is expended in the support of the 
establishment. The hospital buildings, to which large and 
costly additions have recently been made, are fitted up in 
excellent style for the accommodation of patients, who 
can have the best of medical attendance, and the con- 
venience of nursing and medicine, for three dollars a week. 
Respectable persons without families will find this a very 
desirable asylum during sickness. Patients can have 
single rooms if they desire them. In cases of sudden acci- 
dents, patients are received here, and their wants immedi- 
ately attended to. Medical students are permitted to go 
the rounds with the attending surgeons for the annual fee 
of eight dollars. Annual lectures are given by all the 
6* 



66 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

attending physicians and surgeons. The buildings will 
accommodate 350 patients. Application for admission 
must be made at the office witliin the Hospital. There 
are ten attending and consulting physicians and surgeons. 

THE BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSAJSTE 

Is a branch of the New- York Hospital, and, through a 
delegated committee, is under the general control of the 
Board of Governors of that institution. It is situated near 
the Bloomingdale road, seven miles from the City Hall, 
upon an elevated and beautiful site, half a mile from the 
Hudson river. This situation, though, perhaps, not 
apparently so, is, after Fort Washington, the higliest point 
of the island. 

The approach to the Asylum from the southern entrance, 
by the stranger who associates the most sombre scenes 
with a lunatic hospital, is highly pleasing. The sudden 
opening of the view, the extent of the grounds, the vari- 
ous avenues gracefully winding through so large a lawn ; 
the cedar hedges, the fir and other ornamental trees, 
tastefully distributed or grouped, the variety of shrubbery 
and flowers; in fine, the assemblage of so many objects to 
please the eye, and relieve the melancholy mind from its 
sad musings, strike him as one of the most successful and 
useful instances of landscape gardening. 

The principal building, which is constructed of hewn 
stone, is two hundred and eleven feet long, sixty feet wide, 
and three stories in height, exclusive of basement and 
attic. There are two other buildings, each standing at 
right angles with the principal edifice. These are each 
three stories in height, sixty feet in length, and forty in 
width. 

The modern greatly improved and humane system of 
treating the insane has been fully introduced into this 
institution. The patients have weli-furnished apartments, 
and eat at tables set in the usual manner in private fami- 
lies. They walk out with attendants, and many of them 
ride daily in a carriage devoted to their use. They amuse 
themselves with ten-pins, quoits, bagatelle, chess, chequers, 
and other games. Many of them work ; the men on the 
farm or about the premises, and the women with their 
needles. Many of them are instructed in a school which 



PRINCIPAL BBJTHVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 67 

is kept in the Asylum, and by lectures upon scientific and 
miscellaneous subjects. 

It is not customary for strangers to visit the apartments 
of the patients, both to avoid excitement, and as a matter 
of courtesy towards those whose friends are placed here 
for restoration. The central building, however, is always 
open to visitors, and the view from the top of it, being the 
most extensive and beautiful of any in the vicinity of the 
city, is well worthy of their attention. 

The Asylum went into operation in June, 1821 ; since 
•which time several thousand patients have been admitted- 
The number treated in the past year is 226, of whom, 73 
have been discharged, either recovered or improved. 

NEW-YORK QUARANTINE HOSPITAL. 

This institution is located on Staten Island, and was 
established b}' act of Legislature in 1821, Boats leave the 
city ever}' hour for the Island, where they land very near 
the Hospital This institution is appropriated for the 
reception of patients who have landed from vessels from 
foreign porta, particularly those afflicted with contagious 
diseases. 

NEW- YORK DISPENSARY, 

Situated in White street, corner of Centre street, estab- 
lished in 1790, "for the purpose of relieving such sick, 
poor and indigent pereons as are unable to procure medi- 
cal aid." 

NORTHERN DISPENSARY, 

Situated in Christopher street, coi-ner of Sixth street^ 
foimded in 1829. 

EASTERN DISPENSARY, 

Situated in Ludlow street, corner of Essex Market Place, 
founded in 1834. 

THE DEMILT DISPENSARY, 

On the corner of Twent^^-third street and Second 
Avenue, was erected by means of the munificent bequest 
of the late Miss Demilt. The cost of the building was 
$30,000. The number of persons who have been attended 
durinc the past year by the ph^^sicians of this Dispensary 
is 2,197. 



68 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



BTEW-YORK INSTITTJTIO?f FOR THE IJfSTKUCTIOX OF 
THE DEAF AJVD DUMB. 

This institution first opened a school for the reception 
of pupils on the 12th of May, 1818. Until 1829, the 
school v/as held in the building now called the New City 
Hall. At that time the pupils were transferred to a large 
building erected for the Institution, on Fiftieth street and 
Fourth Avenue, three and a half miles from the City Hall. 
Communication between the Institution and the city is 
rendered very easy by the cars which pass on the Harlem 
Railroad, Fourth Avenue, ever}^ fifteen or twenty minutes, 
in both directions. 

The principal building occupied by the Institution is 
one hundred and ten feet by sixt}', and five stories in 
height, including the basement. It accommodates about 
250 pupils, and the teachers, the family of the Principal, 
and other persons connected with the establishment. 

This Institution has been well sustained by appropria- 
tions made by the Legislature of the State, by the Corpo- 
rations of the city, and by private munificence. 

The pupils are taught most of tlie useful branches 
of education, and some of them are instructed in trades, 
such as shoemaking, tailoring, cabinetmaking, bookbinding, 
and gardening. 

The Principal of the Institution is Harvey P. Peet, 
LL.D., who is assisted by a nimiber of competent profes- 
sors and others. Visitors admitted from l-^- to 4 o'clock 
P.M. 

INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND 

Is situated on Ninth Avenue, near Thirty-third street, 
where are 32 lots of land presented to the Institution by 
James Boorman, Esq. The Legislature in 1839 appropri- 
ated $15,000 towards the erection of the buildings, besides 
which, considerable donations have been made by indi- 
viduals. The pupils are taught the usual branches of 
English education. There is a manufacturing department, 
where they learn basketmaking, weaving, band-box work, 
and other similar work. There are usually about 100 
pupils at the Institution, 

The building is built of granite, in the Gothic style, and 




1%: m'Mm 



I'iri"' l'l!l''.i 



PRINCIPAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 69 

is onp of the most imposing structures in the city. Visit- 
ors are received on Tuesdays, from 1 to 6 P. M. Kipp & 
Brown's omnibuses pass it on Ninth Avenue, and the 
Knickerbocker line on Eighth Avenue. It is much 
resorted to by those interested in such institutions. 

ASTLUM FOR RESPECTABLE AGED IN^DIGENT FEMALES. 

This institution is situated in Twentieth street, near the 
Second Avenue. Aged and indigent ladies find in this 
truly benevolent institution a grateful asylum for their 
declining years. 

MAGDALEN FEMALE BENEVOLENT ASYLUM. 

This institution is situated between Eighty-eighth and 
Eighty-ninth streets, west of the Ilailem Railroad. This 
Society is second to none in the usefulness of its labors, 
while the self-denying enterprise of the ladies who 
manage its affairs is beyond all praise. It appears to us 
that the support accorded to the institution by Christian 
people has not been in proportion to its deserving. 

NEW-TORK ORPHAN ASYLUM 

Is situated in Bloomingdale, near Eightieth street, about 
five miles from the City Hall, and is a handsome building, 
120 by 60 feet, connected with nine acres of ground. It 
is of stone, plastered in imitation of yellow marble. It 
overlooks the Hudson river, and is d elightfull3'' situated, 
being surrounded with trees and cultivated grounds. It 
was instituted in 1806. The present number of male and 
female orphans at the Asylum is about 200. The Asylum 
can be visited at any time, and great numbei's resort to it 
to see the pupils. 

LEAKE AND WATTS' ORPHAN ASYLUM 

Is situated near One Hundred and Seventeentli street, 
between the Fourth and Fifth Avenues. This noble 
charity was founded by the bequest of Mr. J. A. Leake, 
an old New-Yorker, and enhanced by the liberality of 
Mr. Watts, who waived a claim he had on Mr. Leake's 
legacy. 



70 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



THE PEOPLE'S WAfsniN^G AND BATHING 
ESTABLISHMENT, 

Nos. 141 and 143 Mott street, near Grand; opened 
May, 1852. This establishment owes its existence mainly 
to the benevolent enterprise of Robert B. Minturn, Esq., 
and does credit to the judgment and practical good sense 
of all who have aided in its erection. As few even of 
native New-Yorkers are aware that such an institution is 
in being, we beg to give an outline of its plan. It is, as 
its name imports, a washing and bathing establishment, 
having on the first floor or basement a swimming-bath for 
boys, and one for girls. Above this, a series of closet- 
baths for both sexes ; and in the third story, a place for 
washing, drying and ironing clothes. The price of admit- 
tance to the swimming-bath is 8 cents ; to the common 
closet-baths, 5 cents ; to the closet-bath with better ac- 
commodations, 10 cents; while the use of the laundry, 
with all its facilities of fire, water, tubs and flat-irons, 
may be had for three cents an hour. The cost of the 
building is stated at $70,000. It may be seen at any 
hour of the day, and is well worth a visit. 

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, 

No. 659 Broadway. This Society, which was organized 
in June, 1852, now numbers 1,100 members, evincing an 
eminent success in its laudable enterprise. The object 
aimed at is the improvement of the spiritual, mental, and 
social condition of young men in this city. For this pur- 
pose the Society has a handsome suite of apartments in 
the Stuyvesant Institute, Broadway, fitted up in a com- 
fortable style as a reading-room, librar}^, and also for 
religious worship, where the members can spend their 
leisure hours ia a moral and intellectiial manner. The 
Society does not, however, limit its utility to the above 
advantages, but aims at more practical objects likewise. 
By means of its influence, young men are assisted to 
employments, and watched over in their social condition; 
a list of respectable boarding-houses being kept, where 
thc}^ can be comfortably lodged. 

^^ A list of the American and Foreign Benevolent 
Societies will be found at the end of this volume. 




PENITENTIARY. Pa-e 7J. 




HALLS OF JUSTICE. Page 40. 



BLACKWELL'S, WARD'S, AND 
RANDALL'S ISLANDS. 

Persons desirous of visiting Black-well's Island may 
obtain a permit by applying to Mr. Kolleck, the gentle- 
manly Secretary of the Governors of the Aims-House, at 
their office in the Rotunda, near the City Hall. They will 
thereupon proceed to the steamboat, which leaves the foot 
of Grand street, East river, at 12 o'clock M, every day, 
and will find themselves at the island after a short and 
pleasant sail. Those who prefer it may take the Harlem 
stages to Sixty-first street, East river, and cross to the 
island at any hour. The stages leave 'No. 23 Chatham 
street every fifteen minutes. 

The objects of interest on the island are the Peniten- 
tiary, the Lunatic Asylum, the Aims-Houses, Hospital, and 
especially the new Work-House. This last is built 
entirely of cut stone, taken from the quarries of the 
island, and is more complete than any structure of the 
kind in the country. It is capable of accommodating 600 
persons. In the kitchen there is apparatus adequate to 
prepare food for 1,500 men. The object of the building is 
to reform the prison system by separating vagrants from 
criminals, and to compel all who are able to do something 
for their own support. 

The cost of the completed building wiU be about 
$100,000. 

WARD'S ISLAJTD, 

Formerly known as Great Barn Island, is the location 
of the Emigrant Hospital. Access to the island may be 
had by permit from the office of the Commissioners of 
Emigration in the New City Hall, near the corner of 
Chambers street and Centre. The boat leaves the foot of 
Grand street. East river, at 12 M., and the Harlem stages 
for One Hundred and Sixth street, from No. 23 Chatham 
street, at any hour. Tliose takiilc the stage will cross the 
ferry directly to the Island. 



72 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



RANDALL'S ISLAND. 

Tills, whieli to the philanthropist is perhaps the most 
interesting of what have been termed the "Islands of 
Charity," lies the farthest from the city, being opposite to 
One Hundred and Ninth street, and is reached from this 
point by a ferry-boat. The Harlem stages convey passen- 
gers to One Hundred and Ninth street. The boat, as for 
Blackwell's Island, leaves Grand street at 12 M. everyday. 
Permits may be had on application as for Blackwell's 
Island. Randall's Island is the location of the nurseries 
for the support and education of destitute children, and is 
worthy of being visited by all who desire to become 
acquainted with the charitable and benevolent agencies 
of New- York. 

ALMS-HOUSE DEPARTMENT. 

The following shows the number of persons remaining 
at the several institutions in charge of the Governors, for 
a week of 1853 : 

At Bellevue Hospital 5Y0 

Lunatic Asylum 542 

Aims-House Hospital 919 

Penitentiary 829 

Penitentiary Hospital ,. . . 272 

Small-Pox Hospital 17 

Randall's Island 1,09Y 

Randall's Island Hospital 198 

City Prison 228 

Work-House 182 

Total 4,854 

N'umber remaining 4,950 

Received during the week 647 

Total 5, 597 

Died 28 

Discharged 632 

Sent to Penitentiary 78 

Sent to State Prison 6 — 743 

Total 4,854 



LITERARY INSTITUTIONS- 



NEW-YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY 

Formerly occupied the brov/n free-stone building on 
the corner of Broadway and Leonard street. Its library 
and reading-rooms are now in the new Bible House, 
corner of Astor Place and Fourth Avenue. The number 
of books in the library is about 36,000. 

Access to the privileges of the Society Library may be 
obtained by the pajnnent of $25 for a right, (which is 
transferable and inheritable like other property,) with an 
annual payment of $6. Temporary subscribers are 
received at $10 per annum; $6 for half a year, or $4 for 
a quarter. 

Visitors are admitted and politely received at any 
time. 

MERCAIVTILE LIBRARY ASSOOIATIOIf. 

This Society is at present located in the Clinton Hall 
building, in Beekman, corner of Nassau street. It pos- 
sesses a library, reading-room, lecture-room, cabinet of 
minerals, <fec. It was originally established for the express 
benefit of clerks, but of late it has been thrown open to 
all who will pay for the privilege. Tlie library, in which 
all the departmeats of science and general literature are 
well represented, contains at this time 3*7,500 volumes. 
It is peculiarly rich in periodical literature. Its collection 
in this department is probably superior to any other insti- 
tution in this coimtry. The reading-room is supplied with 
a very extensive variety of foreign and American periodi- 
cals and newspapers. The number of members at the 
present time is 4,194. Clerks pay one dollar initiation 
fee, and two dollars a year thereafter, which entitles them 
to the use of the reading-room and library. Merchants 
hold honorary membership, and pay five dollars a year. 
Other citizens have the privileges of the librarj' and read- 
ing-room for five dollars a year. It is the intention of the 
Board to remove their library to the site of the Opera 
House, Astor Place, in the course of another year. 

1 



74 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



LYCEUM OF NATUKAL HISTORT, 

An association of scientific men for the study and pro- 
motion of natural history, in all its branches. Stated meet- 
ings are held for conversation and lectures. It was incor- 
porated in 1818, and a room appropriated for the meetings, 
by the city government, in the building in the rear of the 
City Hall. It was afterwards removed to the Stuyvesant 
Institute, in Broadway, opposite Bond street ; from which 
place, on the removal of the Medical School, it was trans- 
ferred to its present location, in Fourteenth street, near 
Fourth Avenue. The institution possesses a large library, 
and an extensive cabinet of minerals, shells, plants, and 
other specimens in natiu'al history. The museum may be 
visited gratuitously by application at the building. 

NEW-TORK LAW INSTITUTE. 

The Library, (established 1828, incorporated 1830,) 
which is kept in the City Hall, contains about 4,600 
Yolimaes of select law books, including nearly the whole 
series of English and American Reports. The initiation 
fees are $20, and annual dues $10. Members of the bar 
from abroad, and the judges of the courts, are entitled to 
tke free use of the library. 

NEW-TORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. 

This able and efficient Association have their rooms in 
the University Building. They have a library of 17,000 
volumes, and a large collection of coins and medals. Its 
library is open every day. The meetings of the Society 
are held in the evening of the first Tuesday in each 
month. 

APPREXTICES' LIBRARY. 

Tliis library occupies a large and commodious room in 
the Mechanics' Hall, Broadway, near Grand street. It 
contains 14,000 volumes, for the exclusive use of appren- 
tices. About 2,000 yoimg mechanics avail themselves 
of the facilities of this valuable institution. 



THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Union Theological SEmNART. — This institution, founded 
in 1836, is located in University Place, between Sixth and 
Eighth streets, near Washington Square. The principal 
edifice contains four large and commodious lecture-rooms, 
a chapel, libraiy and study-rooms, besides four large fur- 
nished rooms for the accommodation of the students. It 
has six professors, and generally about 100 students. Thft 
library contains over 16,000 volumes. 

THEOLOGICAL SEMINART. 

The General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal 
Church is situated in Twentieth street, corner of Ninth 
Avenue, near the Hudson, two miles from the City HalL 
There are two handsome buildings of stone for the accom- 
modation of professors and students. The Board of Trus- 
tees consists of all the bishops, and one trustee from each 
diocese in the United States. The institution is well 
endowed. 



MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS. 

University Medical School. — ^This institution is in Four- 
teenth street, between Irving Place and Third Avenue. 
The rooms are large and well arranged, and the Faculty 
have made every provision for thoroughness and complete- 
ness in their work. 

The library consists of 5,000 volumes. The hospital 
museum contains most interesting specimens, obtained 
from the post mortem examinations made in the institution. 

COLLEGE OF PHTSICL&JfS AND SURGEONS. 

This is a handsome edifice, situated in Crosby street. It 
was founded in 1807, has eight professors, and about 200 
students. It has a library of over 1,000 volumes. Lec- 
tures commence on the first Monday in November, and 



76 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

continue about four months. Attached to the college is a 
very extensive medical museum, containing a vast number 
of interesting objects. It may be visited on application to 
the Janitor, in the building. 

The institution is governed by a Board of Trustees, 
composed of physicians and other citizens. 

NEW-TORK MEDICAL COLLEGE. 

Tliis institution, located in East Tliirteenth street, was 
chartered in 1850, with the purpose of giving thorough 
instruction to young men, as medical practitioners. To 
enable the Faculty to do this, they early adopted the plan 
of extending the coin^se of instruction through a period 
of five months ; they increased the number of their lec- 
turers to nine ; they procin-ed from Europe a costly museum 
of external and internal pathology, unsurpassed by any 
similar collection in any college; they have arranged for 
giving an amount of clinical and hospital instruction, such 
as cannot be obtained in any other city in the Union ; 
and, in order to render Analytical Chemistry more promi- 
nent, a suitable laboratory has been prepared, and such 
instructions in practical chemistry are given during the 
course as to enable every student to become familiar with 
toxicological examinations ; with the methods of detecting 
adulterations of drugs, the analysis of the fluids of the 
human system, the use of the microscope, and such other 
manipulations as modern chemistry and physics have 
rendered important to the medical profession. 



MECHANIC INSTITUTIONS. 

American Institute — Incorporated in 1829. — Tliis insti- 
tution was established for the pxirpose of encouraging 
domestic industry in this State and the United States, in 
agricTilture, manufactures and the arts, by bestowing 
rewards and other benefits on those who shall make any 
improvements, or excel in any of the above branches. 
The Institute lias its rooms at 349 Broadway, where are a 
library, lecture-hall and exlubition-room. The library is 



nCTURE GALLERIES, &C. 77 

extensive, and particularly rich in those branches relating 
to the objects of the institution. A large collection of 
models, agi'icultural products, &c., are deposited in the 
room, which, together with the libi'aiy, are open to the 
public, free of expense, at all seasonable hours. The 
stranger will do well to visit this interesting room. In 
connection with the Institute, there is an annual fair held 
. at Castle Garden, which is visited by 50,000 people. A 
cattle show is also held by the Institute every season. 

MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. 

This Institute has for its object the instruction of 
mechanics and others in science and the arts. The Insti- 
tute has established annual courses of popular lectures. It 
has an excellent library, containing about 3,000 volumes, 
together with a reading-room, supplied with popular 
reviews, literary and scientific journals and newspapers; 
a museum of models of machinery, and a valuable collec- 
tion of chemical and philosophical apparatus. A male 
school was commenced in November, 1838, and a female 
school in May, 1839, both of which have been eminently 
successful. 



picture galleries and insti- 
tutiojNS of the yue arts. 

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN. 

An association of artists and amateurs, under the name 
__ above given, organized and opened their first exhibition 
' on the first of May, in 1826, at the corner of Ileade street 
and Broadway. Their present rooms are at 663 Broad- 
way, opposite Bond street. Tliey have an exhibition of 
the productions of none but living artists, and open 
annually during the months of April, May, and Jime. 
Their accommodations consist of several large rooms, 
elegantly fitted up with carpets, mirrors, and seats ; and 
from the pains taken to make it attractive, it has become 
a very fashionable place of resort. Admission, 25 cents. 
Season tickets, 60 cents. 
1* 



78 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

THE DUSSELDORF GALLERY. 

This cnoice collection of paintings, nearly all of which 
are by artists of Dusseldorf, is of rare value and beauty. 

The gallery is in the spacious rooms over the entrance 
to the Universalist Church, 548 Broadway, and is at all 
seasons a popular resort. 

THE BKYAIV GALLERT, 

Is also known as the Gallery of Cliristian Art, and is 
unsurpassed in interest b}^ any similar collection in New- 
York ; the pictures of which it consists being either 
valuable originals or copies of extraordinary merit. 

The Gallery is at the corner of Broadway and Thirteenth 
street. 



PORTRAIT, LANDSCAPE, AND MINIATURE 
PAINTERS. 

A day may be pleasantly spent in any one of the 
numerous studios of New-York's ingenious artists ; but as 
few sojourners will be able to devote as much time as 
this to a single visit, we shall rapidly lead them to a few 
of the most attractive fountains of art. Chief among 
PoRTRATT Painters is Huntington — now in Europe — whose 
historical and other pictures have rarely been excelled. 

Ellhot, 497 Broadway; Hicks, 114 White street; Car- 
penter, 874 ; and Baker. 806 Broadway, are all promising 
artists and faithful delineators of the human face. The 
portrait of President Fillmore, by Carpenter, gained hun 
a high rank among our siiccessful young artists. 

The Landscape Painter "whose works are perhaps the 
most admired, is Durand ; one of whose pictures was Avell 
described by Willis, as being ''enough like nature to be 
sold for farms." The studio of this eminent artist is at 91 
Amity street. Kensett, at the corner of Broadway and 
Fourth street;, has also produced nian}' excellent counter- 
feits of nature, which have passed curreni. with the best 
judges, receiving from these the highest p]-ice. Craneh, 
806 Broadway, and Cropsey, of 114 White street, are 



PORTRAIT AND OTHER PAINTERS. 79 

pleasing and effective artists ; while we would not omit to 
I mention, among the rising members of the profession, 
Coleman, whose graphic portrayals of our mountain 
scenery have attracted much attention. 

The favorite Miniature Painters are Shumway, 497 
Broadway ; Staigg, 133 Bleecker street ; and Schuster, 494 
Broadway, Elegant and faithful miniature portraits are 
also painted by Hite. 

In concluding our notice, it may be added, that visitors 
are generally welcomed to the studios of the New- York 
artists. We need not say that such visits serve to culti- 
vate the tastes of those who thus spend a leisure hour ; 
while they promote and widen true and discriminating 
patronage of art 

DAGUERREOTYPES. 

In the cities of Kew-York and Brooklyn, there are 
upwards of 100 Daguerrean establishments, giving direct 
employment to about 250 men, women and boys, though 
the number who derive support from the art in the United 
States, in all its branches, is variously estimated at from 
13,000 to 17,000, including those working in the manufac- 
tories. For some years, a great proportion of Daguerreo- 
type goods were imported from Europe, principally from 
France; those made here being considered b}' operators as 
much inferior, especiall}'' the plates. A great improvement 
has, however, of late taken place in our production of 
these articles, and it will be seen by the number of persons 
employed, as given above, that this is now quite an import- 
ant branch of domestic industry, there being in this city 
alone six large establishments for the making, importation 
and sale of photographic goods; the amount of cash 
invested being about $300,000, and the annual sale of 
materials, $1,000,000. 

It is estimated that there cannot be less than 3,000,000 
daguerreotypes taken annually in the United States ; Bos- 
ton, Philadelphia, and Baltimore being extensively engaged 
in the trade, but not equall}* with New- York. 

Among the most skilful operators, we may mention 
Koot, of 363 Broadway, whose pictures, for accuracy and 
softness, have not been surpassed ; Gurue}'', at 349 ; Brady, 
at 359 ; and Lawrence, at 381 Broadway. The pictures 



80 CITY OF NEW-YOKK. 

taken by the above-named artists are of superior merit; 
while several others might be named whose works are 
almost equal to these in exactness and beauty. 

Admirable pictures for the stereoscope — an instrument 
giving remarkable boldness to daguerreotype jjictures — 
are taken by Peters, of 394 Broadway. 

The prices of good daguerreotypes vary from $3 to 
corresponding to the size and perfection of the picture. 



PLACES OF AMUSEMEi\T. 

THEATKES. 

The famous Park Theatre occupied a site on Park Eow, 
directly opposite the Astor House. Its place is now filled 
by elegant and costly stores. 

BROADWAY THEATRE. 

This Theatre is well situated on Broadway, between 
Anthony and Pearl streets, and is one of the largest thea- 
tres in the city. The front, illuminated by thirteen lamps, 
in honor of the original thirteen States of the Confeder- 
acy, is much admired. 

BOWERY THEATRE, 

Bowery, near Chatham Square. 

Tliis building is one of the most conspicuous in the city. 
Three theatres have been built and burned o]i the ground 
occupied by this establishment. The first stone was laid 
in May, 1826, with great pomp and ceremony, by Philip 
Hone, then Mayor of the city, and the theatre continued 
to increase in favor and prosperit}^ until the evening of 
March 22d, 1829, when, like its rival, the Park, it was 
totally consumed ; the conflagration presenting one of the 
grandest and most sublime spectacles ever witnessed in the 
city. 

It was not long, however, before another magnificent 
building rose in renovated splendor from its ruins. It was 
designed by the classical taste of Mr. Tourne, from the 
celebrated Temple of Theseus, at Athens, and was said to 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 81 

be the finest specimen of Doric architecture then in the 
United States. 

The present building is rebuilt from tlie ashes of one 
that was burnt in the spring of 1845. It is celebrated for 
spectacles and patriotic pieces, sometimes lavishing very 
great sums in getting them up. Prices of admission : Boxes, 
25 cents ; pit, 12^- cents. 

JSIBLO'S OPERA HOUSE. 

This favorite resort is situated in Broadway, corner of 
Prince street. It is elegantly fitted up, and capable of 
seating two thousand persons. The arrangements of the 
stage and the drop-curtain are tasteful and elegant, and 
the building on opera nights is often filled with a very 
fasliionable audience. 

WALLACK'S LYCEUM, BROADWAY, 

Near Broome Street. 

BURTON'S THEATRE, 

Chambers Street. 

These small but elegant theatres are much resorted to by 
the patrons of the drama. Great pains are taken to pro- 
vide for the public entertainment, and the result is in most 
iiistauces successfully attained. 

BARXUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM. 

Tliis institution was founded in 1810, by the late John 
Scudder, by whose arduous efforts, and the persevering 
exertions of its more recent proprietor, it has arisen to its 
present state of popularity. Scudder commenced liis ca- 
reer as ai\ itinerant organ-grinder, and during his wander- 
ings he collected the first specimens towards the i:)resent 
large collection. 

This museum for many years, during his management^ 
occupied the west end of the building back of the City 
Hall in the Park, and was then almost the only place of 
public amusement in the city. It is now on Broadway, 
nearly opposite the Astor House. It contains several large 
halls, each over a hundred feet in length, filled with curi- 
osities of evevj variety. It has numerous paintings, a 
mineralogical cabinet, and a multitude of curiosities, well 



82 Ciri' OF NEW-YORK. 

worth visiting. In addition to this, it has a saloon con-, 
nected with it, capable of seating one thousand persons, 
which is used for a variety of entertainments, all for the 
sum of 25 cents. The top of the museum, fitted up as a 
garden and promenade, commands a fine view of the city. 
It is the property of P. T, Barnum, Esq., who has made it 
more than ever an attractive place of resort. 

CASTLE GARDEN 

Is situated on a mole, connected with the Battery by a 
bridge. It was originally erected for a fortification, and 
used for that purpose till 1823, when it was ceded by the 
United States to this city ; since which it has been leased 
for a place of public amusement. It was built in 180*7-8- 
9. Immense bums of money were expended on its erec- 
tion, it having cost the Government, at difterent times, sev- 
eral hundred thousand dollars. The felicitous situation of 
this spot, projecting into the bay, and commanding one of 
the finest views in the world, causes it to be a favoi'ite 
place of resort in the summer months. In 1824, on the 
occasion of the visit of Gen. Lafayette, a splendid /eVe and 
gala were given to him at Castle Garden, which, for grand- 
eur, expense, and entire eifect, were never before witnessed 
in this country. The building has lately been altered, 
by the addition of a roof and outside promenade, and fit- 
ted up with a stage for concerts, operas, (fee. It was here 
that Jenny Lind made her first appearance in America, on 
which occasion she is said to have received $13,000. The 
effect of the interior is very grand, it being by far the 
largest audience-room in the world. It will easily hold 
15,000 people, being over six hundred feet in circmnfer- 
ence. Admission, 25 cents; during the day, 12^ cents. 
Refreshments always ready. 

THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM, 

Broadway, above Bleecker. This place of rational en- 
tertainment is well worth a visit It contains many hun- 
dred relics, collected with great care and industry by the 
learned Dr. Abbott during a residence of twenty years on the 
banks of the Nile. Here are to be seen mummied men 
and -quadrupeds — the slates of the schoolboys in Pha- 
raoh's time, and the remains of lamps that were used to 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 83 

lighten the darkness of Egypt. The eye scarcely meets an 
object which is less than three thousand years old. 

FRAXCONI'S HIPPODROME. 

Madison Square, Broadway, and Twenty-third street. An 
immense amphitheatre, capable of containing six thousand 
persons seated, and there is room for half as many more 
in the passages. The interior, which is of an oval shape, 
is three hundred feet long by two hundred wide, and the 
com'se is about one sixth of a mile round. The middle of 
this area is laid out in green parterres, ornamented with 
illuminated fountains and flower-vases. The course itself 
is about forty feet wide, and is covered over with loose 
earth. The interior is illuminated by a thousand gas- 
lights, and the spectacle it presents is very brilliant. The 
roof is formed by a canvas covering 90,000 feet square, 
supported by five poles or masts, eighty feet in height. 
Tlie seats are constructed witli great strength, so as to 
avoid the possibility of an accident, and are arranged so 
as to give every spectator an opportunity of seeing the 
performances. The exterior of the building is a plain 
wall of brick about twenty feet high, with two rather fan- 
tastic wooden towers at the side facing Broadway. A 
wooden roof extends from this wall immediately over the 
seats in the interior, which, with the canvas, forms the 
only covering of this gigantic concern. The posts or up- 
rights in front of the seats are embellished with heraldic 
bearings and armorial devices, in imitatioji of those dis- 
played during the ages of chivalry at tournaments. 

The performances consist of horse-racing, chariot-rac- 
ing, (after the fashion of the Olympic games,) surprising 
gymnastic exercises, a race of ostriches, exercises of the 
manege, and a grand tournament. 

The company numbers one hundred and forty perform- 
ers, men and women. Besides the horses, of which there 
are about eighty, there are ostriches, deer, camels, ele- 
phants, and monkeys, whose performances excite consider- 
able merriment. 

THE LATTIXG OBSERVATORY, 

"We desire to call attention to this building, although it 
is in little danger of being overlooked. It is in fact the 



84 CITY OF KEW-YORK. 

most conspleiioua new feature in the neighborhood of the 
Crystal Palace, and affords from its summit a grand view 
of the country around New- York. Its total height is 350 
feet. It is not inapi^ropriate to remark that the building 
itself is quite safe, having been careful!}^ examined by 
scientific men, who have made a favorable rej)ort. It 
stands on Forty-third street, the entrance being from Forty- 
second street through a building 125 feet long. On either 
side of the passage is a continuous bazaar. In the upper 
story is tin ice-cream saloon elegantly fitted up for ladies. 
Tlie tower is an octagon, 75 feet in diameter at the base, 
with an extreme height of 350 feet. It is of timber, well 
braced with iron, and is anchored at each of the eight angles 
with about forty tons of stone and timber. The first story 
is a refreshment-saloon, the second a ladies' ordinarj^ These 
stories are enclosed, and are together about twenty-five 
feet in height. Above this are three stories of open work, 
and then an enclosed landing arranged in good style. 
Here is the first look-out, 125 feet from the ground. Then 
come four open stories, above which is the second landing, 
225 feet from terra firma. Passing three open stories, we 
reach the third and highest landing, 300 feet from the 
base, and by reason of the height of groxmd, about 175 feet 
higher than the topmost windows in St. Paul's spire. To 
aid the view there are telescopes at each landing, with 
maps and directions for the convenience of strangers. Ac- 
cess to the first and second landings is had by a steam 
elevator, running up a well-way in the centre about 15 
feet in diameter. From the second to the third landing is a 
winding stairway. The tower terminates in a spire, 
with a flag-stafi!, in all 60 feet above the highest landing, 
thus making the extreme altitude from base to top of pole 
just 350 feet. The cost is about $100,000 ; the proprietors 
have ten years' lease of the ground. Almost every body 
has named this Barnum's Tower, under the belief that the 
great showman was at the bottom of it. But such is not 
the fact : Mr. B. has no special interest in any afi'air of 
public entertainment in this city except the American 
Museum. Some idea of the success of the observatory 
may be formed from the fact that at least eighteen 
thousand persons ascend the Bunker Hill Monument in 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 85 

the course of a yeai* ; the number who will resort to this 
higher elcvatioa will probably be much greater. 

Relative height of several other lofty structures. 

The Great Pyramid, 514 feet. 

St. Peter's, at Rome, 464 " 

St Paul's, London, 404 " 

Trinity Church, New-York, . . , 284 " 

Bunker Hill Monument, . . . . 220 " 
The Washington Monument, (not completed.) 520 " 

The name of this building is derived from its originator, 
Warren Lattiug, Esq. 

CHRISTY'S MIXSTRELS, 

472 Broadway, above Grand street. 

Tliis is the oldest and most popular of the Ethiopian 
Minstrel bands, and their hall is resorted to by crowds of 
persons who find pleasure in observing their di'oll deline- 
ations of negro costume and character, and in the really 
admirable music of this well-trained brotherhood. 

WOOD'S MIIVSTRELS, 

440 Broadway, above Howard street 

Tliis is another establishment, similar in its character to 
the Christys', offering to the public good music and the 
accommodations of a superior house. The two establish- 
ments are great favorites with those who love to be-Juile 
their cares with the charms of music and a hearty laugh. 
The price of admission is the same to both houses — 25 
cents. Commence at 8 o'clock. 



HOTELS. 

There are upon Broadway alone some twenty-five 
hotels, all elegant in their appointments, and varying in 
the extent of their accommodations from 100 to 1,000 
guests. The charge for lodging and board in these pala- 
tial tents is usually two dollars or three dollars per day. 
Besides those more recently erected, and which Avill be 
fully and separately described below, we must partiou- 



86 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

larly mention the famous Astor House — a rare example 
of j^opular favor, deservedly secured in the first instance, 
and long and surely retained. Indeed, with all that has 
been done by those who have followed in the train of 
hotel improvement, we still find nothing that induces us 
to take away the palm of well-established supremacy 
from the Astor House. 

Then, also, we have the Irving, directly opposite to 
Stewart's marble dry goods palace, and midway between 
the depots of the Hudson River and the Harlem Railroads. 
The Irving House, like the Astor, is well arranged and 
well ordered, and ofi:ers a convenient resting-place for 
those who prefer to be near the banks, the places of 
wholesale trade, and all the other attractions of "down 
town." 

Those, however, who visit the city mainly for pur- 
poses of business will find comfortable accommodations at 
Bixby's, French's, and Lovejoy's Hotels, all of which front 
the City Hall Park, and are on the European plan — the 
guests hiring their rooms, and procuring their meals 
either in the hotel or where else they please. 

THE METROPOLITAX, '^ 

A new hotel, on the corner of Broadway and Prince 

street, is considered by many the largest and most magni- 
ficent establishment of the kind in the world. It is built 
of brown stone, six stories high, and the building alone 
cost above half a million of dollars. Every thing about 
it is in a style of princely magnificence. The halls, par- 
lors, ordinaries, dressing-rooms, bathing-rooms, bed-rooms, 
(fee, are all furnished with a sumptuous elegance that it 
would require pages to describe, and of which description 
would give but an imperfect idea. 

The building is warmed by steam fiu'nished by large 
boilers, and is provided with the most thorough ventila- 
tion. It is delightfully cool even in the hottest weather. 
There is also a steam engine which furnishes power for a 
number of domestic purposes, and for forcing water to 
any part of the house in case the Croton should fail. 

There are upwards of two miles of halls in this estab- 
Kshment, and twelve miles of gas and water pipes. Tliere 
are more than 13,000 yards of carpeting laid down, which 



HOTELS. 87 

cost, with the superb drapery, $40,000. The cabinet fur- 
niture cost $50,000 ; the mirrors, (some of them the largest 
ever imported,) about $18,000 ; the silver ware, $14,000. 
The cost of the whole establishment, including value of 
the ground, ($300,000) was $950,000. 

To strangers visiting New-York, the Metropolitan will 
certainly be one of the greatest curiosities which the city 
has to oifer. 

THE ST. NICHOLAS. 

No establishment of the kind in New- York, and per- 
haps none in the world, can surpass the elegance of the 
St. Nicholas. Its front of white marble, extending 300 feet 
on Broadway, near Spring street, is a conspicuous object ; 
while the whole interior, with its spacious halls, and its 
wonderful profusion of mirrors, (numbering 110,) increases 
the admiration of the visitor. Tlae cost of the completed 
building and its furniture is not far from $1,000,000. The 
hotel consists, in fact, of three structures: the one on 
Broadway, another immediately behind it, and a third on 
Mercer street in the rear; which together are capable of 
affording room for about 1,000 guests. The cooking appa- 
ratus and the laundry are very complete, and may be 
seen without inconvenience. The great attraction, how- 
ever, is the bridal chamber — a dazzling apartment, hung 
with white satin, and with exception of its gas fixtures, 
probably the most elegant and sumptuous room in New- 
York. We are not aware of the price set upon entertain- 
ment in such style, l>ut presume that the cost of a honey- 
moon in this glittering dormitory would suffice to support 
a quiet couple for some years. 

THE CLARENDON. 

This elegant establishment is on the comer of Fourth 
Avenue and Eighteenth street, and unites the order of a 
first-class hotel with the comfort and quietness of a " home." 
It is in the near neighborhood of Union and Grammercy 
Parks, and but a short distance from Fifth Avenue — the 
finest street and the admitted promenade of New- York. 
The house is divided into suites of apartments, with all the 
modern improvements of baths, &c. — the whole being 
heated by steam, and is capable of accommodating 200 



88 ^ CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

gxiests. Tlie cost of furnishing exceeded $80,000. Tlie edi- 
fice is of the Elizabethan order, and is elaborately finished 
throughout. Families and travellers generally will find in 
Mr. Putnam, the proprietor, an experienced and courteous 

host. 

THE ST. BEN IS, 

On the corner of Broadway and Eleventh street, is a 
quaint, original-looking building opposite Grace Church, 
and having all the advantages of an up-town hoiise. The 
appearance of the establishment is attractive, and might 
have been almost unequalled in the city, had it occurred 
to the ingenious architect to adorn the structure with a 
fair j)roportion of door-way. A building situated down- 
town, to which Tf e have had occasion to allude, might have 
'imparted somewhat of the grandeur of its entrance to the 
St. Denis, to the manifest improvement of both. 

THE KEMBLE HOUSE, 

No. 45 East Nineteenth street, comprises four magnifi- 
cent houses on the block between Fourth Avenue and 
Broadwa}^ Those who desire the attendance and luxuries 
of a first-class hotel, combined with the quiet and seclu- 
sion of a private dwelling, will find themselves perfectly 
suited in the accommodation it aiibrds. The location is in 
the most delightful and fashionable quarter of the city, 
and convenient to cars and stages in every direction., 

THE PRESCOTT HOUSE. 

Except in magnitude, this hotel building surpasses every 
one of its predecessors. Indeed, we are astonished at the 
novel splendors which competition has suggested. The 
ceilings are most elaborately gorgeous, being panelled, 
carved, and profusely adorned with gilding. The floors 
of the principal rooms and halls are covered with tiles of 
various rich colors, arranged in a carpet-like pattera, 
which contrast beautifully with the white and gold of the 
walls and ceiling. A considerable part of the furniture 
of the Prescott House has been made to order in Paris 
and London. 

THE LAFARGE HOTEL. 

The marble pile of the Lafarge Hotel, in front of Tripler 
Hall, consists of seven stories, and from its situation and 



PRIVATE RESIDENCES. 89 

the completeness of its arrangements, is entitled to rank 
amontr our finest hotels. 



PRIVATE RESIDENCES. 

Visitors who desire to form an accurate idea of the pro- 
gress of house-building in New- York during the last 
tweut}^ years, should commence their survey hy repairing 
to Lat'a3'ette Place, on the west side of which are seen the 
houses known as La Grange Terrace, or Lafayette Row — 
a eoloimade erected eighteen or twenty years since, by Mr. 
Seth Geer. At the time of their erection, they were 
esteemed the most elegant private residences in New- 
York, but have since been, as we shall see, both far and 
frequently surpassed. A single house built at about the 
same time with these, is that formerly the residence of the 
late Henry Brevoort, on the corner of Fifth Avenue and 
Nintli street, and which was one of the first buildings 
erected in this luxurious neighborhood. 

Taking Washington Square as our starting-point, let us 
pass up the avenue, surveying at our leisure the stately 
mansions that rise on either hand. On the corner of 
Tenth street is a house in the style of a French chateau, 
an agreeable departure from the uniformity of our city 
residences, owned and occupied by Mr. Schitf. Diagonally 
opposite is the residence of Mr. Cottenet. 

On the right-hand side of the avenue, on the corner of 
Twelfth street, is the princely mansion of James Lenox, 
Esq. On the west side, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth 
streets, a house with heavy stone balcony is occupied by 
August Bdmont, Esq. 

On the north-east corner of Fourteenth street is the spa- 
cious residence of Mr. Moses H. Grinnell, well known as an 
enterprising and liberal merchant. 

On the lower corner of Fifteenth street, east side, is the 
house of Mr. R. K. Haight ; opposite to which is that of 
Charles Parker, Esq. At this point we advise our friends 
to turn the corner of Sixteenth street to the left, and 
observe the elegant abode of Col. Thorn, conspicuous from 
being surrounded by a court-yard, affording roon| for 
8* 



90 CITY OP NEW-YORK. 

windo"«^s on every side. Eeturning to the avenue, we 
have on the right upper corner of Sixteenth street the 
house of Captain Spencer, hite of the U. S. Navy. This 
house, though no wise distinguished for architectural 
beauty, cost, together with the site, $100,000. 

On the north-east corner of Eighteenth street, a house 
remarkable for its simple and elegant proportions is occu- 
pied by Mr. Guion. It is very generally admired. 

At the north-west corner of Twentieth street, we have 
a very elegant house, recently erected by E. L. Stuart, 
Esq. The house at the north-east corner, having a porte 
cochere at the side, is the residence of Mr, Kicholson, for- 
merly of New-Orleans, and one of the firm of Brown, 
Brothers & Co, 

At the north-west corner of Thirty-fourth street is the 
elegant mansion of Dr, Townsend, widely known as the 
compounder of the famous sarsaparilla syrup. There are 
besides many other elegant houses upon this avenue, which 
deserve a separate notice, but this our limits forbid. 

Several conspicuous houses in other parts of "up town" 
must, however, be mentioned ; as, for example, that of 
Dr, Moffat, in Seventeenth street, fronting Union Square ; 
that of P, Lorillard, Esq., in Broadway, corner of Tenth 
street, and opposite Grace Church ; that of W. B, Astor, 
Esq., in Lafayette Place, next to the Astor Library, and 
the residence of that enlightened and liberal citizen, Peter 
Cooper, Esq., No. 9 Lexington Avenue, near Twenty- 
second street. 



RESTAURANT SALOONS. 

Taylor's, at 365 Broadway, corner of Franklin street, is 
probably tlie most costly establishment of this sort in the 
country. The walls are adorned with a profusion of gild- 
ing, the effect of which is still furtlier increased by numer- 
ous large and costly mirrors. 

Thompson's, at 359 Broadway, is also an elegant estab- 
lishment, admirably well conducted, and largely patron- 
ized by those who pass, for business or pleasure, through 
the great thoroughfare. 

Ladies, when on shopping excursions, very frequently 
betake themselves to Taylor's or Thompson's, for rest and 
refreshment. 



MARKETS IN NEW-YORK. 91 

REFECTORLES AND OYSTERIES. 

The number of refectories in New-York is very great, 
and we are consequently obliged to indicate those only 
which occur to us as most convenient of access, or whicli, 
upon other accounts, are suited to our design : 

Clarke & Brown, 86 and 88 Maiden Lane. 

Geo, W. Browne, 123 and 125 Water street. 

John Berry, 6 Broad street. 

A. D. Thomj^son, 25 Pine street, next to rear of Custom 
House. 

John Taylor, 365 Broadway. 

Thompson & Son, 359 Broadway. 

The Rainbow. 31 & 33 Beekman street. 

Tlie consumption of oysters in New-York is enormous, 
as may be seen from the fact that one thousand five hun- 
dred and twenty boats are engaged in suj^plying the city 
with this article alone ; and that the value of the 03'sters 
consumed in New- York in one year, is $5,300,000 — neai'ly 
$15,000 per day. There are comparatively few establish- 
ments which deal exclusively in oysters. They may had, 
however, with other delicacies, of 

Chas. Parker, 20 Dey street. 

MeJilton, 96 Nassau street. 

Florence, 609 Broadway. 

Sherwood, 239 and 240 Broadway. 

Shelley's, Broadway, corner of Anthony street. 



MARKETS U NEW-YORK. 

A market-place for the accommodation of the butchers 
and the country-people was anciently under the trees in 
front of the fort, near the corner of Water and Whitehall 
streets. As the city enlarged, the market-places were 
removed to the east and north, first at the foot of Broad 
street, then to Coenties Slip, and subsequently to Old Slip, 
and to the Vlie, (a Dutch word, indicating a valley — a rural 
spot, formed by a river which formerly run up Maiden 
Lane,) or Fly Market, foot of Maiden Lane, and to Fulton 
and Catharine streets. 

Tlie market-housesof this city are now judiciously dis- 



92 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

tributed in various quarters of tlie town, to suit the 
Avants and convenience of the citizens ; the two principal 
ones being situated close to the water, one on tlie Hudson, 
and one on the East river, at the extremity of Fulton 
street on each side, and adjacent to the two most import- 
ant ferries, which render them very accessible to the 
countrj-jieople and the fishermen. 

Fulton Market, — The Fulton Market was built in 1821, 
on ground formerly occupied by unsightly Avooden build- 
ings, which were destroyed b}^ fire. It covers the block 
bounded by Fidton, South, Beekman and Front streets, 
and was erected at a cost of $220,000. 

Washington Market. — The next principal market is the 
Washington Market, in Washington street, corner of 
Vesey and Fulton streets, near the water's edge. It occu- 
pies a whole square, and is very similar to the Fulton 
market in its construction and internal arrangements. 
This market was formerly called the Bear Market, from the 
fact that bear meat was there exposed for sale. The 
amount of business done here is less than at the Fulton, 
but the whole south and west population of the city fre- 
quent it. The products of the Korth river country find their 
principal sale in this market. 

Catharine Market, Catharine Slip, occupies a small 
square between Cherry and South streets. 

Centre Market, Centre street, between Grand and 
Broome. This market occupies a large building, two 
stories high, and substantially built of brick. The market-' 
rooms run its whole length, with stalls on each side, simi- 
lar to the Boston markets, and it presents a neat and com- 
fortable appearance, free from the bustle and confusion 
that is so conspicuous in the other markets. The halls in 
the second story are occupied by certain military com- 
panies as armories and drill-rooms ; and for various other 
purposes by the city police. 

Chelsea Market — In Ninth Avenue, near Eighteenth 
street. 

Clinton Market — Between Washington and West streets, 
and between Spring and Canal streets. 



THE NOVELTY WORKS. 



^3 



Jefferson Market — SLxth Avenue, corner of Greenwich 
lane. 

Tompkins Market — Third Avenue, between Sixth and 
Seventii streets. 

All theinarkets are required by law to close every daj", 
except Saturdays, at 12 o'clock; after which they are 
thorouglily washed. On Saturdays they keep open till 12 
o'clock at'night. Each market has a clerk appointed by 
the city, who attends to the general conduct of its affairs. 



THE NOVELTY WORKS. 

Our readers should not ftiil to visit the extensive range 
of buildings known by the above name, and situated on 
the East river at the foot of Twelfth street ; nor, wlien on 
the spot, should they neglect to see all the marvels of 
science which are here brought together. The most 
attractive of these are the cutting engine, the bending 
and punching engine, and the boring engine; all of which 
may be seen intelligently occupied in contributing to the 
completeness of a gigantic steam engine, or of some other 
Bcarcely less useful or less wonderful machine. Besides 
these engines, we have varioiis forms of lathes, some of 
enormous size, but all as deftly managed as the smallest 
and handiest tools. One of the cleverest contrivances 
manufactured at these works, is Burden's Gold Crusher — 
in form, an enormous saucer, which is kept moving by its 
appropriate machinery, while a ball of several huudred 
pounds weight rolls easily and steadily in the bottom of 
the dish. The cost of the largest crushers is $2,000, from 
which we may form a judgment of their size and finish. 
Here, too, the visitor may gaze upon torrents of hot metal 
and lakes of hquid fire, but all controlled and fashioned 
by that most potent of magicians — the well-instructed 
man of science. 

Those who have seen one of our colossal steamers 
calmly ploughing the waters of our rivers and bays, may 
learn the secret by which this feat is accomplished, by 
spending a few hours at the Novelty Works; and those 
who contemplate a trip to California, and pui'pose to dig 
into its auriferous mountains, may perhaps be profited by 
a visit to the same resort. 



94 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



FERRIES. 

All tlie ferries of New-York are supplied with large 
and safe boats, well fitted up for the accommodation of 
passengers in inclement weather. The Fulton Ferry, in 
particular, has some very fine boats. The ferries are sources 
of large revenue to the city, being leased by the Corporation 
to separate companies. 

SW TO BKO(!yi:]L,YN. 

Fulton Ferry — From Fulton street, New- York, to Fulton 
street, Brooklyn, is 731 yards wide. Boats leave every 
five minutes during the day and evening till twelve 
o'clock, after which they leave every half hour till morn- 
ing. Fare, one cent. \^I' or particulars see "Brooklyn.' 

South Ferry — From Whiteliall street, near the Battery, 
East river, to Atlantic street, Brooki^ui. Same regulations 
as the Fulton Ferry. This ferr}- is 1,416 yards wide. 

Hamilton Ferry — From the foot of Whitehall street, 
near the Battery, to Hamilton Avenue, Brooklyn, and the 
Atlantic Docks. Every 15 minutes. 

Catharine Ferry — From Catharine street, New-York, to 
Main street, Brooklyn, is 736 yards wide. Boats run 
every six minutes during the day, and all night, as at the 
Fulton Ferry. 

Jackson Ferry — From Gouverneur street, New-York, 
to Jackson street, Brooklyn, is 7o7 yards wide. Boats run 
every 15 minutes. 

Wall street Ferry — From Wall street to Montague 
Place, Brooklyn. Every 5 minutes. 

Hoosevelt Ferry — From Roosevelt street to Bridge street^ 
Brooklyn, recently established, with new and superior 
boats, running every 10 minutes. 

B^- TO WILLIAMSBTJKG. 

Peck Slip Ferry — From Peck Slip, near Fulton street, to 
Williamsburg. Every 15 minutes. 2,800 yards. 



PERRIES. 95 

Grand street Ferry — To Grand street, 'Williamsburg. 
900 yards. Boats riin every 10 minutes. 

Houston street Ferry — To Grand street, Williamsburg. 
700 yards. Every 10 minutes. 

B^-TO HOBOKEN. 

Barclay street Ferry — To Hoboken, every 15 minutes 
during the day. This ferry is two miles long, and has 
admirable boats. Ferriage, three cents. 

Canal street Ferry — From the foot of Canal street, one 
mile and a half long. Every 16 minutes. 

Christopher street Ferry — ^From the foot of Christopher 
street, one mile long. Boats run every 15 minutes. Fer- 
riage, four cents. 

West Nineteenth street Ferry — ^Every hour in summer 
to the Elysian Fields, Hoboken, affording a fine oppor- 
tunity of a drive without passing through the lower and 
more disagreeable portions of the city. Fare, four cents. 

e^-TO JERSEY CITY. 

Jersey City Ferry — From the foot of Cortlandt street, 
one mile long. Boats run every 10 minutes during the 
day, and every half hour during the night, till twelve 
o'clock. Ferriage, four cents. 

i^-TO STATEX ISLAND. 

Staten Island Ferry. — This ferry lands at the Quaran- 
tine, and at the lower landing. Starts from Whitehall 
street every hour, except 12 M., during the day, in sum- 
mer. Fare, 6|^ cents. Distance, six miles. 

B^f- TO BLACKWELL'S ISLAND. 

From foot of Sixtj^-first street. Fare, 12^ cents. 

B^-TO ASTOKIA. 

Hurl Gate Ferry — From Eighty-sixth street. Every 16 
minutes. Three cents. 

Albany, People's Line, steamboat, (evening,) Pier 14, be- 
tween Cortlandt and Liberty streets. 



96 CITY OF NEW-YOEK. 

Albany steamboat, Pier 18 K R., foot of Cortlandt 

street. 

Albany steamboat, Pier 24 N, R., West, between Barclay 
and Robinson streets. 



RAILROADS. 

THE HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD. 

The lower depot of this road is at the intersection of 
Chambers street and Hudson, from which cars convey 
passengers to the upper depot, corner of Tenth Avenue and 
Thirty-first street, where the engine is taken and the 
journey fairly begim. Tliis road extends to East Albany, 
a distance of 144 miles. It cost $9,300,000. 

In order to promote the comfort of those who travel on 
this road, we append the following, from the Albany 
Journal: 

"An Army with Banners." — As you are whirled along 
over the Hudson River Railroad at the rate of 40 miles an 
hour, you catch a glimpse, every minute or two, of a man 
waving something like a white pocket-handkerchief on the 
end of a stick, with a satisfactory sort of expression of 
countenance. If you take the trouble to count, you will 
find that it happens some two hundred times between 
East Alban}' and Thirty-first street. It looks like ratlier a 
useless ceremony, at first glance, but it is a pretty import- 
ant one, nevertheless. 

There are 225 of these " flagmen" stationed at intervals 
along the whole length of the line. Just before a train is 
to pass, each one walks over his " beat," and looks to see 
that every track and tie, every tunnel, switch, rail, clamp 
and rivet, is in good order and free from obstruction. If 
so, he takes his stand with a white flag and waves it to 
the approaching train as a signal to " come on" — and come 
on it does, at full speed. If there is any thing wrong, he 
waves a red ^a^, or at night a red lamp, and the 
engineer, on seeing it, promptly shuts off the steam, and 
sounds the whistle to "put down the brakes." Every 



RAILROADS. 97 

nch of the road is carefully examined after the passage 
of each train, Austrian espionage is hardly more strict. 

IVEW-YORK AND XEW-HAVEX RATLROAD. 

This road, built at a cost of $4,233,000, extends from 
New-York to New-Havex, a distance of 76 miles; thence, 
a road runs to Springfield, 63 miles ; from which another 
extends to Bosxox, 100 miles ; the distance being travelled 
in about eight hours. 

This route to Boston is much travelled by those who 
object to a night upon the Sound. The stations of this 
road are at the corner of Broadway and Canal street, and 
Fourth Avenue and Twenty-seventh street. The engine 
is attached at Thirty-second street. 

NEW. YORK AND HARLEM RAILROAD. 

The route travelled by this road is from the depot oa 
the east side of the City Hall, through Centre street to 
Grand, and thence to the Bowery ; up the Bowery to 
Fourth Avenue, which last it follows for the remainder of 
its way through the city. The cars take the engine at 
Thirty-second street. The trains run on this road to 
Albany and intermediate places. Up to William's Bridge, 
14 miles from the city, the same track is used for the cara 
of the New- York and New-Haven Railroad. The cost of 
the road to Albany is stated at $4,873,318. 

The tunnel at Yorkville (an engraving of which will 
accompany this article) is an excavation in the solid rock, 
a quarter of a mile long, handsomely finished at both 
ends, and approached through a long, deep cut of more 
than a mile in length. This road furnishes the means of 
a delightful journey into the country. In the spring and 
summer, when the weather is favorable, it is traversed by 
immense numbers of New-York citizens. Cars leave the 
depot, Cit}' Hall, for Twenty -seventh street, every six 
minutes, from half-past seven A. M. to eight P. M. Cars 
leave City Hall (night line) every twenty minutes, from 
eight to twelve. Cars leave the City Hall every hour 
during the day for Harlem, and return as often. 

THE OMNIBUSES AND RAILaUSES. 

There are 29 lines of omnibuses now running in the 
city, comprising 671 vehicles. These stages make about 
9 



98 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

10 do-wn and 10 up trips daily, or 13,420 trips per day, 
averaging at least 40,000 miles' travel. We estimate the 
number of passengers at an average of nine for each trip, 
which shows that 120,000 passengers are carried, for whick 
$7,200 per day is received. One year ago there were but 
561 omnibuses, so the cars do not seem to have entirely 
ruined the stage business, as the latter has increased 
nearly 20 per cent, during the first year of railroad com- 
petition. 

The Harlem and Sixth and Eighth Avenue Eailroads 
now run about 100 cars for city passengers. These make 
800 up and 800 down trips, with perhaps 18 passengers 
each way, or 28,800 passengers, at $1,500 per day. 

This makes about 160,000 passengers daily in public 
vehicles, without counting 560 hacks, which are used 
irregularly, as the weather may demand. 

The entire number of rides in stages and ears are more 
than 50,000,000 per annum, collecting small change to the 
amount of two millions of doUai's. The business gives 
employment to from 1,500 to 2,000 men, and more than 
3,000 horses. A list of the omnibuses and their routes 
will be found at the end of this volume. 



EXPRESSES. 

Adams', East, South, and California, 59 Broadway. 

American Express Company, North and West, 10 Wall 
street. 

Berford's, California, 3 Vesey street. 

Harnden's, East and South, 6 Wall street. 

Kinsley's, East and South, 1 Wall street, corner of Broad- 
way. 

Hoey's, Charleston and New-Orleans, 19 Wall street. 

Harlem Railroad, Try on Row, east of City Hall. 

Hudson River Railroad, 3 Hudson street. 

Long Island Railroad, foot of Atlantic street, Brooklyn. 

Note. — ^Express offices for the surrounding dties and 
villages, at some of the above offices. 



HACKNEY-COACHES,' AC. 99 



HACKNEY-COACn STANDS. 

1. On the south side of tlie Park. 

2. In Broadwa}', around the Bowrmg Green. 

3. In Pearl street, at Hanover Square. 

4. In Hudson street, along St. John's Park. 

5. In Hudson street, near Duane. 

6. In Chatham Square. 

7. On the north side of Canal street, near Broadway. 

8. Near all the prineipal steamboat landings. 

PUBLIC POUTERS AND HAND-CART MEN KATES OF FARE. 

Eveiy public porter shall \vear, in a conspicuous place 
about his person, so as to be easil}^ seen, a brass plate or 
badge, on Avhieh shall be engraved his name, the words 
" public porter," and the number of his license ; and it 
shall be unlawful for any other person to wear or exhibit 
any badge, purporting to be, resembling, or similar to, the 
badge of a public porter ; and no public porter shall per- 
mit any other person to wear his badge, or use his name 
in an}' way whatever, in the transportation or conveyance 
of any thing. 

Public porters shall be entitled to charge and receive 
for the carrying or convej'ance of any article any distanc*e 
within half a mile, twelve cents, if carried by hand, and 
twenty-five cents, if carried on a wheelbarrow or hand- 
cart : if the distance exceeds half a mile, and is within 
one mile, one half of the above rates in addition thereto, 
and in the same proportion for anj"- greater distance. 

If any public porter shall ask or demand any greater 
rate of pa}' or compensation for the carrying or convey- 
ance of any articles than is herein provided, he shall not 
be entitled to any pny for the said service ; and to so ask, 
demand, or receive any such greater pay or compensation, 
shall be deemed a violation of this ordinance. 

It shall not be lawful for any person to represent him- 
self 51S, or to v\'ear or exhibit an}' badge, iusoiption, card, 
or device, purporting or implying that he is employed or 
authorized by the keeper, proprietors, agent, or officer of 
any hotel, boarding-house, vessel, steamboat or railroad 
company, to solicit, receive, or convey persons, baggage, 
cT other things to or from any such hotel, boarding house, 

LofC. 



100 CITY OF NEW-YOKK. 

vessel, steamboat, or railroad company's station or depoi^ 
withoiit being actually and duly authorized by such keeper, 
proprietor, officer, or agent so to do, imder the penalty of 
twenty -five dollars for every offense. 

All persons who shall violate or fail to comply with any 
of the provisions of this ordinance, shall be deemed guilty 
of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be pun- 
ished, pursuant to the provisions of sections 20 and 21 of 
an act relative to the powei^s of the Common Council of 
the city of New-York, and the criminal courts of said city, 
passed by the Legislature of the State of New-York, 
January 23d, 1833 ; or, in lieu thereof, shall forfeit and 
pay, for the use of said city, ten dollars for each and every 
offense, except where a penalty is prescribed in said ordi- 
nance. 

CARRIAGE FARES. 

The prices or rates of fares to be taken by or paid to the 
owners or drivers of hackney-coaches or carriages, shall 
be as follows : 

1st. For conveying a passenger any distance not exceed- 
ing one mile, fifty cents : for conveying two passengers the 
same distance, seventy-five cents, or thirty-seven and a half 
cents each ; and for every additional jiassenger, thirty- 
seven and a half cents. 

2d. For conveying a passenger any distance exceeding a 
mile, and within two miles, seventy-five cents; and for 
every additional passenger, thirty-seven and a half cents. 

3d. For conve3'ing one passenger to the New Aims-House, 
and returning, one dollar ; and for every additional pas- 
senger and returning, fifty cents. 

4th. For conveying one passenger to Fortieth street, and 
remaining half an hour, and returning, one dollar and a 
half; and for every additional passenger, fifty cents. 

5th. For conveying one passenger to Sixty-first street, 
and remaining three quarters of an hour, and returning, 
two dollars, and for every additional passenger, fifty 
cents. 

6th. For conveying one passenger to Eighty-sixth street, 
and remaining one hour, and returning, two dollars and 
a half; and for every additional passenger, seventy-five 
cents. 



NEW-YORK NEWSPAPERS. 101 

'Zth. For conveying one or more passengers to Harlem, 
and returning, with the privilege of remaining three hours, 
five dollars ; or to the High Bridge, five dollars, with the 
same privilege. 

8th. For conveying one or more passengers to King's 
Bridge, and returning, with the privilege of keeping the 
carriage all day, five dollars. 

9th. For the use of a hackney-coach or carriage by the 
day, with one or more passengers, five dollars. 

10th. For the use of a hackney-coach Oi carriage by 
the hour, with one or more passengers, with the privilege 
of going from place to place, and stopping as often as may 
be required, one dollar an hour. 

11th. In all cases where the hiring of a hackney-coach 
or carriage is not at the time thereof specified to be by 
the day or houi', it shall be deemed to be b}' the mile. 

12th. For children between two and fourteen years of 
age, half price is only to be charged ; and for children 
under two years of age, no charge is to be made. 

13th. Whenever a hackney-coach or carriage shall be 
detained, excepting as aforesaid, the owner or driver shall 
be allowed after Uie rate of seventy-five cents an lioiu\ 

NEW-TORK XEWS PAPERS. 

Tliere are fifteen daily papers published in New-York, 
the average aggregate i^^sue of which is 130,000- copies. 
Two fifths of these are circulated in the coimtry, leaving 
three fifths for the town, which is at the rate of rather 
more than one copy for every ten inhabitants of New- York. 
There are ten daily papers published in London, the 
average aggregate issue of which is about 65,000. Only 
one third of these is supposed to be retained for circula- 
tion in the metropolis, being in the proportion of rather 
less than one for every hundred inhabitants. 

THE TRIBUXE PRINTING OFFICE 

Is open to the public, affording a view of the steam 
cylinder presses in operation, on any Thursday between 
9 A.M. and 2^ P.M. This is the most favorable time for 
visiting the office, though admittance may be had on any 
day of the week fi-om 2 to 3|- P.M. 
9* 



102 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



THE CHURCHES OF NEW-YORK. 



SUMMARY OF CONGREGATIONS. 

There are in New- York no less than 272 congregations, 
some of which occupy churches of great elegance, while 
others resort to plainer and smaller structures. The most 
noted of these are particularly described below, but some 
of those that we have omitted, through want of space, are 
well worth a visit. Many of the congregations have been 
sensibly diminished of late years from the removal of 
pew occupants to the upper part of the city. In general, 
the churches of the metropolis are well attended. We 
add a table showing the number of churches belonging 
to the several religious bodies. 

Baptist 35 

Congregational 7 

Dutch Reformed 19 

Friends 4 

Jewish Synagogues 13 

Lutheran 6 

Methodist Episcopal 30 

African Episcopal 3 

Methodist Protestant 2 

New Jerusalem 1 

Presbyterian 38 

Associate Presbyterian 4 

Associate Reformed Presbyterian 2 

Reformed Presbyterian 5 

Primitive Christians , 3 

Protestant Episcopalians 49 

Roman Catholic 24 

Second Advent 4 

Unitarian 2 

Universalist. 5 

Miscellaneous 16 

272 



THE NEW-YORK PULPIT. 103 

, THE NEW-YORK PULPIT. 

The stranger visiting ]S[ew-York will doubtless feel an 
interest in knowing where he ma}^ profitably and pleas- 
antly spend the hours of the Sabbath day. 

We therefore propose to give a brief and general notice 
of several distinguished preachers, indicating in each in- 
stance where they may be heard. Commencing our sur- 
vey at the upper portion of the city, we will enter the 
new church at the corner of Nineteenth street and Fifth 
Avenue, which is wortliy of the highest regard, as well for 
the architectural excellence of the building as for the 
piety, earnestness, and true eloquence of the pastor who 
therein presides. Those who wish to attend a Presbyte- 
rian chiirch will do well to avail themselves of an oppor- 
tunity of hearing the Rev. James W. Alexander, D. D., the 
pastor of this church. The style and manner of the 
reverend gentleman are well adapted to attract the young, 
especially young men; indeed, we have sometimes felt 
regret that his ministrations were not more particularly 
accessible to this large and important class. 

Another church belonging to the same denomination is 
that of the Rev. Dr. Potts, situated on the corner of Tenth 
street and University Place. Dr. Potts is also an able and 
eloquent divine, powerful in his delivery, cogent and at- 
tractive in his exhibition of truth. Indeed, as a graceful 
and effective preacher, he has scarcely a superior in the 
city. 

We next notice the church of the Rev. Dr. Cheever, on 
the corner of Fifteenth street and Broadway. The Rev. 
Dr. is a distinguished preacher among the Congregational- 
ists, and attracts a large audience at his Sunday evening 
lectures. The church is on the left side of Union Square. 
Crossing the Square and passing up to the corner of 
Twenty-first street and the Fourth Avenue, we come to Cal- 
vary (Episcopal) church, of which the celebrated Dr. 
Hawkes is rector. The claims of Dr. Hawkes to be es- 
teemed a powerful and eloquent preacher are generally 
conceded, and as a proof of this we need only refer to the 
throng of citizens and visitors who frequent his church. 

On the corner of East Sixteenth street and Rutherford 
Place is St. George's Ciiuucn, (Episcopal,) under the pas- 



104 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

toral charge of Rev. Dr. Tyng. Tlie church itself is very 
fine, containing seats for about three thousand persons, 
whose view of the preacher is not hindered by the inter- 
ference of a single column. The whole interior is there- 
fore quite unique, and has been well compared by a nau- 
tical friend to the strong, well timbered frame-work of a 
great ship. The eloquent divine who here officiates, pos- 
sesses a voice capable of filling the house apparently 
without effort. 

Another clergyman of the Episcopal church also worthy 
of mention as an attractive and forcible preacher, is the 
Rev. Dr. Higbie, who unites the graces of an accomplished 
rhetorician to the charms of a singularly tuneful voice and 
an engaging manner. Dr. H. is one of the assistant minis- 
ters of Trinity Church, and preaches at St. Paul's and 
St. John's Chapels. 

The Unitarians have also two eminent preachers, the 
Rev. Mr. Bellows and Rev. Mr. Osgood — the latter of 
whom is pastor of the Church of tlie Messiali, in Broad- 
way, at the head of Waverly Place. Mr, Osgood, although 
a young man, is a ripe and accomplished scholar, and is 
noted for the brilliancy of his oratorical gifts. His burst of 
impassioned eloquence when called iipon for a speech at 
the Fennimore Cooper Commemoration, will not soon be 
forgotten by those who witn(!ssed it. Rev. Mr. Bellows' 
society having sold their church in Broadway-, will, until 
their new building is completed, occupy a hall in the 
neighborhood of Union Square, with scats free to all 
comers. 

The Baptist church situated in Amitj^ street near 
Wooster, is under the care of the Rev. Dr. Williams, a 
faithful pastor, a varied and profound scholar, and a writer 
of singular force and beauty. As an author, Dr. W. is 
well known, havhig presented to the public several vol- 
umes. 

Another clergyman (of the Congregational Church) who 
should not be passed over is the Rev. Dr. Thompson, who 
laboriously and effectively discharges the duties of pastor 
of the Tabernacle, 840 Broadway. For the thoroughness 
of the preparation for his pulpit work, as well as for his 
earnestness, judgment, and taste. Dr. T. deserves special 
mention. He is also an engaging and popular preacher to 




TEINITY CHURCH. Pase 105. 



DESCRIPTION OF CHURCHES. 105 

the young. Tlie gallery pews of the Tabernacle are free. 
We would also mention the name of one more able mmis- 
ter of the Baptist persuasion, the Rev. Mr. Wescott, whose 
church is on the corner of Laight and Varick streets, fac- 
ing St. John's Square. Those who attend the preaching of 
this gentleman will have occasion to remark the simplicity 
of his manner, and his earnest, impressive style. 

There are in the city iipwards of thirty Methodist 
churches enjoying the services of able and faithful men, 
but as these are, in the arrangement of their peculiar sys- 
tem, settled only for a short period, it is not thought 
proper to insert their names. Those who desire to attend 
the worship of this denomination of Christians will find 
a list of their houses in the appendix to City Directory. 

The Universalists have several societies. The largest 
is that under the care of Rev. Mr. Chapin, now worship- 
ping in the church in Broadway, between Spring and 
Prince streets, which was built and occupied for some 
years by the First Unitarian Society. This church, de- 
signed by Lefevre, has a most beautiful interior, and it is 
always crowded with listeners to the most popular and 
eloquent preacher of this denomination in the country. 

Seats in Churches. — It may be added for the informa- 
tion of strangers, that seats in most of the churches may 
be had on application to the sexton before morning ser- 
vice. Tliere is usually an abundance of room in the 
afternoon. 



DESCRIPTION OF CHURCHES. 

TRINITY CHURCH, (EPISCOPAL,) 

Broadway, opposite Wall street, erected in 1841-5. 
Tliis is the pi'ineipal church building belonging to the 
Episcopalians in the city. The first place of worship in 
the city was the " Chapel in the Fort," wliich was origin- 
ally the Dutch Church ; but after the city was surrendered 
to the English in 1664, it became the Episcopal Church, 
and was called "The King's Chapel." In 1696, a small 
square building called " Trinity Church" was erected on 
the site of the present elegant building on Broadway, at 



106 CITY OF XEW-YOKK. 

the head of Wall street. In 1735, the church edifice was 
enlarged, and a further enlargement took place in 1737, 
until it was 140 feet long, and 70 feet wide. In 1776, the 
edifice was destroyed by fire. In 1788, a new building 
was erected on the same site, of nearly the same dimen- 
sions, which was taken down in 1839. The corner-stone 
of the j^resent building was laid June 3, 1841, and the 
edifice was completed in 1846. It is the most elegant 
church in the city, and undoubtedly the most costly one. 
Its cost was $338,000. The material of the building 
is a fine reddish sandstone, nicely dressed. It covers a 
large space of ground, measuiing, with the tower, but- 
tresses, <fec., not much short of 200 feet long, and is more 
than 80 feet wide ; and yet so much of the space is occu- 
pied by the tower at the east end, and vestry at the west 
end, and space for the chancel, «fec., and having no galleries, 
it is not computed to accommodate in the pews moie than 
about 800 persons, not all of whom are able to hear dis- 
tinctly either pra3^er or sermon, thus demonstrating the 
impropriety of erecting such a building for the uses of a 
Protestant church. The prospect from the tower is very 
fine. 

The walls of the house are about 40 feet high, and are 
highly ornamented. The tower and steeple at the east 
end of the house is the principal object which engages the 
eye of the beholder : and whether we consider its comely 
proportions, or its style of finish, or its immense height, 
towering as it does 284 feet into the air, it must be con- 
sidered a noble specimen of architecture, and a fine 
ornament to that part of the city. 

The highest point to which visitors ascend is 250 feet 
from the ground, and is reached by 308 steps. Suitable 
resthig-places are provided, so that the ascent is not diffi- 
cult. As is very proper, a charge of one shilling is made 
for admission to the spire. The body of the church, at 
any time when there is no service, may be seen without 
charge. 

ST. MARK'S CHURCH, (EPISCOPAL,) 

Stuyvesant street, east of the Bowery, erected in 1799. 
St. Mark's Church is built of smooth stone, of a dark gray 
color. It measures about 100 feet by 66. A school-room 




ST. MARK'S CHUECH. Page 106 



DESCRIPTION OF CHURCHES. 107 

and vestry are attached to the rear. The steeple is on the 
front of the building, facing the south, and is very lofty. 
It -was bnilt in its present form in 1826. The exterior of 
the church is plain, and has a venerable appearance. It 
stands on the former estate of Petrus Stuyvesant, the last 
of the Dutch governors, and his remains lie in a vault 
under the church : a brown tablet on the east side of the 
church, outside, marks the place. The remains of CoL 
Henry Sloughter, one of the English governors, lie in the 
same vault, and those of Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, in 
another near by. The heads of three dynasties, Dutch, 
English, and American, are thus reposing in peace together. 
The Rev. Dr. Anthon is the present minister. 

ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH, (Episcopal,) 

East Sixteenth street, opposite Stuyvesant Square, 
erected in 1849. This is one of the most elegant and 
commodious church edifices in New-York. For the solidity 
of its walls, the grandeur of its front entrance, and for 
vast capacity, it is unequalled. Not a solitary column is 
seen supporting either roof or gallery, and the effect of 
this arrangement is certainly very fine. The church is of 
the Byzantine order, 94 feet wide and 168 feet deep. The 
spires have not yet been added, but when complete, the 
whole will be massive and elegant. 

The cost of the church was $200,000 without the spires, 
which will involve an additional expense of $50,000. The 
Rectory cost $20,000, and the Chapel $10,000. The 
ground upon which the church stands was a donation of 
the late Peter G. Stuyvesant. 

ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL, (Episcopal,)] 

Broadway, between Fulton and Vesey streets, erected 
in 1766. This is the third Episcopal church erected in the 
city. It is a venerable-looking building, of dark gray 
stone, with a tower of stone and pointed steeple of wood 
on the western end, opposite to the main entrance, differ- 
ent in this respect from any other church in the city. 

The total length of the edifice, inclviding the portico in 
front and tower in the rear, is 151 feet, and the width is 
73 feet The height of the steeple is 203 feet. There ard 



108 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

two bells hanging in the belfry, which once belonged to 
the chime in Trinity Church. 

On the front, facing Broadwa}'', a large pediment 18 feet 
in depth is displayed, supported by four Ionic columns. 
In a niche in the centre of the pediment is a carved figure 
of St. Paul leaning on a sword. There is also in the front 
a slab of white marble inserted, bearing an inscription in # 
remembrance of General Montgomery, who fell at Quebec 
during the Revolutionary "War, and whose remains were 
removed to New- York by order of the State, in July, 1818. 
When St, Paul's Chapel was built, it was quite at the out- 
skirts of the city; and the year in which the foundation 
was laid, the lot on which it stands, near the cemetery, 
was ploughed up and sowed with wheat. The cemetery is 
a large plot of ground extending from Broadway to Church 
street, and from Fulton to Vesey streets. It is now filled 
with tombs and single graves, and contams some elegant 
monimients. At the side of the church, and near Broad- 
way, an obelisk of white marble has been erected in 
memory of Thomas Addis Emmet, the celebrated Irish 
barrister and patriot, who died here in 1827. Inscriptions 
are made on three sides, one in English, one in Latin, and 
one in Irish. 

ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL, (Episcopal,) 

Varick street, on the east side of St. John's Park, erected 
in 180Y. Tlie situation of this church is not surpassed by 
any church in the cit}'', and the building itself presents an im- 
posing appearance. The material is a brownish sandstone ; 
and the Corinthian order is generally followed in the ar- 
chitecture. It covers a large space of ground, being from 
outside to outside 132 feet in length and 80 feet in width. 
The portico in front is about 20 feet deep, and the pedi- 
ment is supported by four large columns, which stand on 
a platform raised five or six feet from the ground, to 
a level with the floor of the main building. 

The spire of the church is said to measure 214 feet and 
sis inches from the ground. The side walls of the church 
are considerably ornamented, and a heavy balustrade 
passes around the roof. 

A long building, containing three Sunday-school-rooms, 
a vestry-room, and other rooms for various societies and 




BAPTIST CHUECH. Page 109. 







ST. TATRICK'S CATIIEDEAL. Tagc 109 



DESCRIPTION OF CHUECHES. 109 

committees connected with the church, is attached to the 
eastern end of the main building. 

FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 

Corner of Broome and Elizabeth streets, erected in 1841. 
The congregation removed from their former edifice in 
Gold street, near Fulton. The building was designed by 
Mr. Lefevi-e, of this city, and does him much credit as an 
architect. The walls are of a bluish stone, principally 
from Blackwell's Island, and from the old meeting-house in 
Gold street. The window lintels, cornices and battlements 
ara»of brown sandstone. The dimensions of the house are 
90 feet by 7o — the side walls 42 feet high, and the apex of 
the battlements 11 feet. Rev. Dr. Cone is the present 
minister. 

ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL, (Roman Catholic.) 

Corner of Prince and Mott streets, erected in 1815. 
This building is very spacious. When first erected, it. 
measured 120 feet by 80; since which, 36 feet more have 
been added to the length, making it now 156 feet long, 
fronting on Mott street and extending to Mulberry street. 
The side and rear walls are built of rather rough gray 
stone. Tlie front is of red freestone. The rear of the 
church is rather more ornamented than the front. There 
are eight large windows in each side. The interior pre- 
sents quite an imposing appeai-ance. There are no gal- 
leries, except an organ left on the eastei-n end. The roof 
is supported by twelve large pillars, standing each alone, and 
running from the floor to the high ceiling, and on each 
pillar, far above the pews, four large globular lamps are 
suspended. The windows are of plain common glass, 
with painted blinds inside. There are few ornaments 
except around the altar. The floor contains about 200 
pews, and the whole house will probably accommodate 
2,000 persons. 

CHURCH OF THE HOLT REDEEMER. 

A new German Catholic Church, in Third street, near 
Avenue A. The neighborhood is not an agreeable one to 
any of the five senses. It is a wilderness of inferior- 
looking brick houses, swarming with Germans, men, 
10 



110 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

women, and cliildren — particularly children. From this 
region of squalor rises the largest, one of the costliest^ 
the most striking and impressive ecclesiastical edifices in 
New- York. From the street to the top of the cross on the 
spire, is 265 feet. The architecture is of that intricate 
and elaborate design which is styled the Byzantine. 
Within its walls there is space for 3,000 persons to 
sit, and for another thousand to stand. There are stained 
windows, broad aisles, marble col.umns, a magnificent 
altar, a superb ceiling, and numerous confessionals. A 
hundred thousand dollars will have been expended upon 
the church by the time it is finished; and at its si^e, a 
convent and convent schools are soon to be erected. 

FIRST CHURCH, (Presbyterian,) 

On the west side of the Fifth Avenue, occupying the 
square, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, erected in 
1845. It is of reddish hewn stone. The extreme length of 
the building is 119 feet, and the breadth 80 feet. The 
height of the tower is 130 feet to the top of the cornice, and 
thence is an octagon spire of stone 30 feet to the pinnacle. 
Large buttresses between the windows, seven on each 
side, are built, surmounted by a pinnacle of 8 feet in 
height A battlement of stone passes around the roof. 
The inside of the building presents a grave and dignified 
appearance, very becoming a house of worship. The 
pulpit and pews are built of solid blach walnut. The ceil- 
ing is rather plain, and there are no large columns in front 
of the gallery. Tlie height from the floor to the ceiling 
is fifty feet. There are 124 pews on the lower floor, 
and the house will accommodate from 1,200 to 1,500 
persons. The cost was about $75,000. Rev. Dr. Phillips 
is the minister of this congregation. This church for- 
merly worshipped in Wall street, on the spot where the 
first Presbyterian church in New- York was built, in the 
year 1719. The house they left there was taken down 
stone by stone and rebuilt in Jersey City, where its 
tall spire may be seen overtopping all other buildings. 

GRACE CHURCH, (Episcopal.) 

Broadwaj^, above Tenth street, erected in 1845. This is 
one of the most splendid buildings in the city. The 




BUTCH EEFOEMED CHUECH. Pase 112. 




FOUETII UNIVEESALIST CHUrwCII. Page 112 



DESCRIPTION OF CHURCHES. Ill 

material is white marble, hewn, but not hammered. It is 
built in the form of a cross, and of a highly ornate Gothic 
style. As viewed from Broadway, we are first presented 
with a lofty tower of about 24 feet square, and of about 
110 feet elevation from the ground to the cornice; and 
from thence an octagon spire of Avood, running up nearly 
as much higher, and terminating in a cross. There are 
three doors in front, two of moderate size and one very 
large. Over this main entrance is a large circular win- 
dow, of stained glass, and two tall, oblong windows in 
each side of the upper section of the tower. Entering the 
buikling, we stand at once amid pillars and carved work, 
and have all the colors of the rainbow brought to our 
vision through more than forty windows of stained glass, 
each one giving some different hues. On a line with the 
sides of the gallery are sixteen massive columns, eight on a 
side. The cost of the building was $145,000. The congre- 
gation who occupy it, once worshipped at the corner of 
Rector street and Broadway, near Trinity Church. Rev. 
Dr. Taylor is the present minister. 

DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, 

■ On Lafayette Place, erected in 1839. Lafayette Place 
is a short but elegant street, parallel to Broadway, on the 
eastern side of it. Towards the southern end of it, it ia 
crossed by Fourth street, and on the corner of Fourth 
street, and fronting Lafayette Place, stands one of the Col- 
legiate Dutch churches. It is a very substantial building, 
of hammered granite. It is 110 feet long and 75 feet 
wide. It was erected in 1839, at a cost of about $160,000. 

The inside of the church is very handsomely finished, in 
a style of what may expressively be termed plain elegance. ' 
The pulpit is of solid marble. 

The Collegiate Reformed Dutch Church is the oldest 
religious establishment in the city. At the present they 
occupy three houses of worship, viz. : the " North Church," 
at the corner of Fulton and William streets, the Ninth 
street Chui-cli, and the church on Lafayette Place. The 
church is considered as one, though assembling for wor- 
ship in three places, and is governed by one Consistory. 
At the present time they have four pastors, viz. : Rev. Dra. 
Knox, Brownlee, De Witt, and Vermilye. 



112 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



DUTCH KEPORMED CHURCH, 

Washington Square, erected in 1840. The great fire in 
New- York, which took place Dec. 16, 1835, destroyed, 
among other buildings, the " South Dutch Church," which 
stood on Garden street, now Exchange Place. After 
this the congregation divided, a part of them building a 
church on Murray street, while those who had removed 
" up town" commenced worship in the chapel of the New- 
York Universit}^, purchased a lot on the corner of 
Washington Place and Wooster street, fronting Washing- 
ton Square, and erected a very handsome edifice. The 
building is of dark-colored granite, rather roughly hewn, 
and measuring 80 feet fi'ora the rear to the tower, and 62 
feet wide. A front view of the building presents you with 
a large middle door and two smaller ones, one being in 
each tower. The Gothic architecture in which the edifice 
was designed to be built appears more prominently inside 
than outside. Inside are eight large pillars supporting the 
roof, and attached to the front of the gallery, which is 
handsomely ornamented with carved work. The organ is 
very elegant, and the edifice in good taste. The cost was 
about $80,000, and the ground $44,000. It Avas dedicated 
Oct. 1, 1840. Dr. Hutton is the present minister. 

FOURTH UNIVEKSALIST CHURCH, 

Broadway, between Spring and Prince streets, erected 
in 1845. This edifice was built by the First Congregational 
Church, (Unitarian,) Rev. Mr. Bellows, pastor, and was 
sold in 1852 to the present occupants for $90,000. The 
former society are about to erect a new church on the 
corner of Fourth Avenue and Twentieth street. The lot 
occupied by the cluu'ch nms through from Broad wa}'^ to 
Crosby street, and the main building is placed on the rear 
of the lot, which removes it from the noise of the great 
sfreet to a place of comparative quiet. It is built of brick, 
and is 110 feet long, and '77 feet wide. It is a very lofty 
building, being about 70 feet from the floor to the apex; 
but standing back from the main street, and having large 
buildings all aroimd it, it is scarcely seen from Broadway. 
The entrance is all that would be noticed in passing it. 
Entering the front door, there is a long passage-way of the 




CHUECH OF THE MESSIAH. Page 113. 




PRESBYTEEIAN CHUECH. Page 113. 



DESCRIPTION OF CHURCHES. 113 

eame width as the front, and about ninety feet long, which 
brings us to the main body of tlie church. Over this 
covered passage-way is a suite of rooms occupied by the 
Dusseldorf Picture Gallery. The interior of the church is 
finished in more complete Gothic style, probably, than any 
other building in the eit}^ The material used for the pews 
is pine, with black walnut capping ; and the pulpit, organ 
ease, and all ths other fine carved work is pine, painted 
a beautiful dark oak color. There are 140 pews on the 
lower floor, and about GO in the gallery. The large pillars 
supporting the roof stand off about five feet from the front 
of the gallery, which has a very fine effect. The house is 
beautiful, and well worthy of attention. Rev. Mr. Chapin 
is the present minister. 

CUUKCH OF THE MES&IAH, (Usn'ARiAN,) 

Erected in 1838.- The " Cliureh of tlie Messiah" is the 
second Unitarian church in the city of New-York. It was 
commenced in the year 1828, and was under the pastoral 
care of the Rev. Mr. Luut. Their house of worship iu 
Prince street was consumed by fire in 1837, and in the 
following year a new edifice was built in Bi'oadway, 
nearly opposite Waverly Place. Rev. Mr. Osgood is 
the present minister. This building is a very substantial 
one. It is built of rough granite, measuring on the ground 
100 feet by 74, and v/as built at a cost of -$97,000. It is a 
plain-looking building, with a square front. The front 
presents three doors, with a square window over the side 
doors, and a large round window over the main entrance, 
and circular windows in three sides of the tower above 
the roof. 

The finish of the interior is rich. The walls and ceiling 
are elaborate in finish and richly painted. 

PKESBYTEfilAN CHURCH, 

On the corner of University Place and Tenth street, 
erected in 1845, is of a reddish gray stone, well smoothed, 
having but few ornaments, and for so costly a building, 
presenting a rather plain appearance. The extreme length 
of the edifice is 116 feet, and the width 65 feet, including 
a lecture-room in the rear, 75 feet by 25, tlie intenor of 
10* 



114 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

the churcli being about 91 feet by 65. The side of the 
building in Tenth street presents six large G othic 
windows, and tliree small windows over the lecture-room, 
all of stained glass. In the front on University Place 
are three Gothic doors, the main entrance being in the 
tower, and one on each side in the body of the church. 
A large Gothic window is placed over the main en- 
trance, and smaller ones over the side doors. The tower, 
which is 24 feet square, is wholly in hont of the main 
bidlding, and is built up square to the belfry, which 
is the first section above the apex of the roof; above 
which it gradually tapers to the summit, being entirely of 
stone, and terminates without a vane, 184 feet from the 
ground. The building stands low, being raised but three 
steps from the sidewalk, so that it does not look as lofty as 
many others which are reall)' not higher than this. 

There are 124 pews on the lower floor, and 64 in the 
gallery ; and the space over the lecture-room, in veav of 
the pulpit, is open for the accommodation of the Sabbath- 
school. It is said that 1,200 persons can be accommodated 
in the house. The pulpit and pews are built of solid 
black walnut, exliibiting m\ieh richness, but it renders the 
house rather more dark and gloomy than would be desira- 
ble. The total cost of the' building was |66,000. The 
present minister is the Rev. Dr. Potts. 

8T. THOMAS' CHURCH, (EnscoPAL,) 
Corner of Broadway and Houston street, erected in 
1826. This fine old edifice, measuring 113 feet by 62, is 
built of very I'ougli small stones, and was more than two 
years building, being commenced in 1823, and finished in 
the early part of 1826. When erected, it was considered 
as the most purely Gothic structure of any in the city. The 
interior Avas entirel}^ destroyed i)y fire in 1 851. It has been 
rebuilt with a little alteration in the fror.t, and is hand- 
somely finished. The house will acconmiodate a large 
congregation, having large galleries, and 238 pews above, 
and below. Rev. Dr. ISeville is tlu-, present minister. 

FLOATIXG CHAPEL, (Episcopal,) 

Built in 1844. It has always been considered that 
sailors needed something a little peculiar, and hence the 




jfcVi 



ST, THOMAS'S CHUECH. Viige 114. 




CHUECH OF THE HOLY COMMUNION. Page 115. 




li'EGLISE DU SAINT ESPEIT. Page 116. 



DESCRIPTION OF CHURCHES. 115 

idea of building a house of worsliip for them, Hot only 
distinct from other people, but, if practicable, to have it 
a floating temple, moored in some dock, so that " Jack in 
his roundabout" should feel perfectly at home. This 
desideratum was accomplished in this city in 1844, when 
the " Floating Chapel " for seamen was built, and the 
Episcopal "Church of the Saviour" organized therein. 
The chapel is built of wood on a deck 76 feet long and 36 
feet wide, covering two boats of 80 tons each, and 10 feet 
apart. The length of the chapel is 70 feet, and its breadth 
30 feet. It has a plain spire rising above the peak of the 
roof 

The interior presents one middle aisle, with a row of 
seats on each side. It is a plain room, ornamented a little 
around the pulpit and altar. It was built by the Young 
Men's Missionary Society of the Episcopal Church, and 
was opened for religious worship Februar}^ loth, 1844. 
The present minister is the Rev. Sir. Parker. The chapel 
is now moored in the East river, at the foot of Pike street. 

CHURCH OF THE HOLT COMMUNION, (A Free Church.) 

Corner of Sixth Avenue and Twentieth street, erected 
in 1845. This is altogether one of the most singular 
buildings in the city. It is built of well-dressed granite 
in the form of a cross, having a projection in the rear of 
about 30 feet wide and 18 deep, containing the pulpit^ 
reading-desk, (fee. The total length of the building, from 
the front door to the extreme rear of the projection, is 104 
feet, and the breadth 66 feet. Standing by the pulpit, on 
the right hand, is a deep recess in the Aving, which is the 
organ loft. This is the only galler}' in the house. In the 
wing on the left hand is a large door opening directly 
into the street, with a large circular window over it. 
This is shown in the ' annexed cut, on the right hand of 
the tower. Another principal entrance is shown on the 
cut at the left of the tower, and, like the other doors, opens 
directly into the street. The turret is on the south corner 
of the building, and is about 15 feet square within the 
buttresses, and 70 feet high. There are few windows in 
the house, and no ornaments either within or without. The 
whole floor is occupied with plain oak seats, which are 
all free. The cost of the building was about $35,000. 
The Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg is the Rector. 



116 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

FIFTH AVENUE PRESBYTERIA]V CIIUKCII, 

Fifth Avenue, corner of Nineteentli street, (Dr. Alex- 
ander's,) ei't^tited in 1853. The proceeds of the pews sold 
in this church, with the amount of the church property, 
covered the entire cost of the church and lots. The 
whole amount of sales exceeded 'f90,000. llie pews 
unsold, n in number, have been rented, reserving seata 
for the Sunday-school scholars. 

FKENCII CJlUECil, (EPISCOPAL,) 

Franklin street, corner of Church street, erected in 1834 
This is a rich-looking building, of fine hammered 'white 
marble, measuring 100 feet by 50, and biiilt at a cost of 
$00,000. It has neither tower nor spire, but on the front 
a deep pediment of between 20 and 30 feet in depth, sup- 
ported by four massive pillars in front, raised on a platform 
six steps from the sidewalk, and two others far under the 
pediment, one on each side of the main entrance. The 
front of tlie main building is plain, with one large door 
and no window. On each side there are three long 
windows, square at the top. The congregation formerly 
occupied a stone building in Pine street, near ISassau 
street, which was erected in 1704 by some French Protest- 
ants, who founded their church upon the principles and 
model of that in Geneva, During the war of the 
Revolutiori, the interior of this church was nearly destroyed 
by the British soldiery. In 1794, it underwent a thorough 
repair; and in 1803, the members, wath their minister, 
joined the Episcopal church, and from that time have 
been known as the church Jju ^t. Esprit. The encroach- 
ments of business, and the removal of families from the 
lower part of the city, induced the sale of their property 
in Pine street, and the building of the present church.. 
The Rector is the Rev. Antoine Verren, D. D. 

JEWS' STNAGOGUES. 

New-York contains 13 synagogues, in wliich this an- 
cient people maintain iheir peculiar service, ever w'or- 
shipping with tlieir faces towards Jeiusalem, llie city of 
the great King. Two of the finest buildings of tliis sort 
are bhaarai Tephila, (Gates of Prayer,) 112 Wooster street, 




SYNAGOGUE. Page 116. 



PUBLIC AND WARD SCHOOLS. 117 

near Prince, and Bual Je jhurun, (Sons of Jeshurun,) Greene 
street, near Houston, liy a usage of the synagogue the 
niaie-j and females occupy dilfeieiit portions of the house, 
and to this order visitors must conform. 

TRINITY CilAPEL 

Is situated on Twenty-fifth street, near Broadway, and 
extends thi-ough the block to Twenty -sixth street. The 
entire length of the building is 180 feet, of which 45 are 
due to the chancel. Width of nave, 54 feet; of chancel, 
38 feet. Height to eaves, 50 feet, and to ridge, 90 feet, 
with a tine open roof. The inside walls of the church 
are of Caen stone, brought from Normandy in France — a 
material of an agreeable color, and easily worked, being 
soft enough to be cut with a saw or knife. The wdndows 
are of riciily stained glass; the ceilings painted blue, and 
the roof timbers covered with polychromatic decorations. 
The floors are tiled throughout, with tasteful ornamental 
pattei'us in chancel. The building will seat about 800, 
its cost having been ^80,000. The architects are Richard 
Upjohn & Co. 

EDUCATION. 

rUBLIC AN» WARD SCUOOLS. 

The last report of the Board of Education shows that 
the average attendance of scholars was as follows: — 

Avei'age attendance at Ward Schools 23,2'73 

" " Public Schools 19,314 

" " Other Corporate Schoola. . 2,007 

Total 44,594 

The number of children who attended occasionally 
during the year, is about 100,000. 

We recently attended an examination of the classes of 
one of the public schools, and were both pleased and 
astonished at the amount of valuable knowledge possessed 
by the pu}>ils. Too little attention, however, is paid to 
the physical frame, and the Trustees need to be reminded 
that children of four and five and six years of age require 
to have the spinal column in some manner assisted when 
obliged to maintain its erectness for five hours a day. 



118 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

Under the sliarp eye of an experienced teacher, there 

seemed a, real danger of having the little ones drdled to 
deatli. The chairs of the pupils should be easy, and also 
provided v/ith Lacks, and the strict perpendicular ought 
not to be so constantly enforced. Of the Ward Schools, 
no better specimen can perhaps be named than Xo, 29, 
•which is on the corner of JSTorth Moore and Varick streets, 
not far from St. John's Park. 

The building occupied by this school is among the most 
beautifid and commodious school edifices in the city ; and 
the facilities for the acqiurement of the various branches 
of knowledge taught in our common schools, are equal 
to those most favored by the selection of teachers. 
]Sr. W. Starr, Esq., is the Principal, and he is assisted by 
twenty-four others, most of whom are females. In the 
male department there are 450 pupils; in the female 
department, 400; and in the primary department, 600; 
totalJ450. 

The Managers of both the Public and Ward Schools 
appear to be zealously and conscientiously devoted to the 
discharge of their important duties. 

It should be added, that by a recent act of the Legisla- 
ture, the two school systems are to be combined; the 
whole being placed under the care of the Directors of the 
Ward Schools. 

support of schools. 

apportionment of school moneys 1853. 

To the Ward Schools $150,695 93 

" Public School Society's Schools 125,062 92 

" Hamilton Free School 236 51 

" Mechanics' Society School 282 92 

" New-York Orphan Asylum 1,095 95 

" Roman Catholic Orphan Asylimi 3,975 65 

" Leake and Watt's Orphan House 1,431 99 

" Protestant Half Orphan Asylum 1,336 65 

" Female Guardian Society 362 60 

" House of Refuge 2,68181 

" Colored Orphan Asylum 1,601 72 

Total $288,764 65 




WALTON HOUSE. Page 119. 




OLD DUTCTI HOUSE. Page 120. 



MTIQUITIES OF SEW-TORK. 

AN OLO CHURCH. 

The "Swamp Church" stood formerly in Frankfort, cor- 
ner of William street, having been erected in 1767. It 
was one of the oldest church eiifices in the city, St. 
George's Church, in Beekman street, was built in 1752, 
nine years before it, but iu 1814 was burnt, all but the 
walls, and built up in modern style. St. Paul's Chapel, 
near the Park, was built in 1766, but the interior is in 
modern style. The Btick Church was built the same 
year, but that too has been remodelled, while the old 
"Swamp Church" retained xmtil the last its ancient ap- 
pearance, inside and out. The land east of it was origin- 
ally a marsh or swamp, and hence its name. It was built 
of stone, was very sti'ong, and measured about sixty feet 
by thirty-four. 

This building was erected by the German Lutherans, 
and was the only place of worship in the city which was 
not abiised and torn in pieces by the British array in the 
time of the Revolution ; for it was here that the Hessian 
troops, who were generally L\itlierans, attended worship; 
and it is not unlikely that this circumstance saved it. 
After the peace, the Rev, Dr. Kunze ofificiated here for 
more than twenty yeai's. In the year 1830 it was sold 
to a colored Presbyterian congregation, but was at length 
torn down and its site occupied by stores. 

AN OLW MAIVSIOX. 

The "Walton House," No, 826 Pearl street, was built 
in 1754 by William Walton, a prosperous Englsh gentle- 
man who resided in Hanover Square. This then splendid 
dwelling was built out of town, as a kind of countiy-seat. 
It was bequeathed by the founder to his nephew William, 
who was one of His Majesty's Council before the Revolu- 
tion. It was built of bricks brought from Holland, orna- 
mented with brown stone water-tables, lintels, &c. 

The hall was an ample room, and the staircase of large 
carved work gave the whole a most imposing air of aris- 
tocratic grandeur. It is now a boarding-house, but well 



120 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

"wortli the rittention of the curious. One fact connected 
with this time-honored mansion deserves to be noted. It 
is said that the princely style here maintained J-y the 
Waltons excited the wonder and cupidity of the English 
officers who came to this country ; and on being related 
by them to the authoi-ities at home, led to the increased 
taxation of the Colonies, and this incidentally contributed 
to bring about the Revolution. 

AN OLD DUTCH HOUSE TS 1630. 

The cut exhibits the fashion of most of the Dutch 
buildings in the early settlement of New-York. 

The building here represented stood in Broad street, 
and was built by Peter Minuit, th^ iirst Governor of New- 
Amsterdam. This house was built in 1629, and was a 
famous house in its time. The greater part of Broad 
street was originally built up in the same manner. The 
houses were all built of bricks brought from Holland, and 
were constructed with the gable end to the street, and 
usually with a sharp and pointed roof There is scarcely 
a building of the kind now left in the city. 



NEW-YOEK BANKING HOUSES. 

Some of the most elegant structures in New-York are 
the buildings — chiefly in the lower part of the city — occxi- 
pied as banking-houses. The spacious and elegant interior 
of the Metropolitan Bank, corner of Broadway and Pine 
street, deserves special mention. The lots upon which the 
building stands cost $110,000. 

Those buildings which cost over $100,000 are as follows : 
Bank of America, - - - - - -$160,000 

Bank of New- York, 114,850 

Bank of State of New-York, - - - . 130,477 

Manhattan Company, 291,868 

Phenix Bank, 133,751 

Bank of Commerce, 110,003 

Bank of North America, 110,205 

Bank of the Republic, (No. 1 Wall) - - - 174,191 

Broadway Bank, 126,856 

Metropolitan Bank, 160,061 

These are all in Wall street except two the last named. 




o 

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H 

< 

"A 
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O 

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D 



BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 

I. O. OF O. F. 

The Independent Order of Odd Fellows number iu 
New-York 85 Lodges and twelve Encampments, embracing 
many thousand members. The processions of Odd Fellows 
are among the most noted of our civic shows. Sevei-al of 
the Lodges also own a fine Hall, on the corner of Grand 
and Centre streets, erected at a cost of $125,000; the 
building containing a number of large and elegant Lodge- 
rooms. 

BRITISn PROTECTIVE EMIGRANT BOARD OF THE ST. 
GEORGE'S SOCIETY OF NEW-YORK. 

Office, 86 Greenwich street. Established 1844, to 'pro- 
tect emigrants from fraud and imposition. President, Di'. 
John C. Beales, (President of St. George's Society;) John 
C. Wells and E. F. Ward, Secretaries ; Robert Bage, 
Treasurer; Charles H. Webb, Superintendent. Chai'les 
Edwards, Counsellor and Solicitor to the St. George's 
Society. ^ 

FRENCH BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. 

Victor Durand, President ; J. P. Barre and A. Iloguet, 
Vice-Presidents; L. Boquet, Treasurer. 

FRIENDLY SONS OF ST. PATRICK. 

Joseph Stuart, President ; J. B. Dillon and George 
McBride, Jr., Vice-Presidents; C. H. Birney, Secretary; 
C. M. Nanry, Treasurer. 

GERMAN BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, 

(Witwen and Waisen Institute.) Jacob Brombaeher, 
President. 

GERMAN MUTUAL ASSISTANCE SOCIETY. 

J. A. F. Rachau, President; E. A. Sterneburgh, Secretary; 
G. H. Koop, Treasurer. 
11 



122 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

GERMAN SOCIETY OF THE CITT OP NEW- YORK. 

Office, 104 Greenwich street. Established, 17 SY ; Char- 
tered, 1804. President, J. C. Zimmerman ; H. E. Ludewig, 
Secretary ; F. Hoose, Treasurer ; C. P. De Greek, Agent 

HEBREW BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. 

H. Aaronson, President; Morris Wolf, Vice-President; 
John Leroy, Treasurer. 

HIBERNIAN FNIVERSAL, BENEVOLENT SOCIETY, 

No. 42 Prince street. President, Francis O'Rielly ; Vice- 
President, Cordelius Dorus ; Secretary, Francis Flynn ; 
Recording Secretary, James Brady ; Treasmxr, Francis 
Gilmore. Number of members about 200. Object, to 
relieve members in sickness and defray funeral expenses. 

IRISH EMIGRANT SOCIETY, 

No. 51 Chambers street. Employment Office, 29 Reade 
street. Founded 1841, to afford protection and employment 
to Irish emigrants. President, Gregory Dillon ; Treasurer, 
James Stuart; Corresponding Secretary, Edward C. Don- 
nelly ; Recording Secretary, Peter Crerar. Lawrence 
Keatings, Employment Agent, 29 Reade street. 

ITALIAN BENT:V0LENT SOCIETY. 

E. F. Forresti, President; M. Pastacaldi, Vice-President; 
G. Cristadoro, Treasurer, Charles Ferrero, Secretary. 

MARINE SOCIETY. 

(1770.) Capt. Charles H. Marshall, President; John M. 
Ferrier, N. Briggs, Vice-Presidents; James Copeland, 
Treasurer; Henry Russell, Secretary. Office, 115 Wall 
street. 

NEW-ENGLAND SOCIETY. 

Founded 1806. Meetings generally held at Astor House 
on the first Thursday of every month ; annual meeting, 22d 
of December. Officers: Moses H. Grinnell, President; 
Thomas Fossenden, Vice-President ; J. L. Pope, Treasurer ; 
Ephraim Kingsberry, U. S. Commissioner's Office, City 
Hall, Secretary. The objects of the Society are friend- 
ship, chai'ity, and mutual assistance. 



FIRE DEPARTMENT. 123 



ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY. 

Richard Erwin, President; J. J. Palmer, Adam Norrie^ 
Vice-Presidents; Robert Hyslop, Treasurer; John Camp- 
bell, Secret-arj ; John T. Ferguson, Physician. 

ST. DAYID'S BENEVOLENT SOCIETY OF NEW- YORK 
AND BROOKLYN. 

Charles Miles, President; H. P. Edwards, Vice-President; 
David Roberts, Treasurer; Thomas R. Jones, Recording 
Secretary ; T. J. Jones, Corresponding Secretary. 

ST. GEORGE'S SOCIETY OF NEW- YORK. 

Established 1786. Incorporated 1838. Meeting at Astor 
House. J. C. Beales, President; Robert Bage, Treasurer; 
Josh, C. Wells and Edward F. Ward, Secretaries ; Charles 
H. Webb, Superintendent. 

ST. NICHOLAS SOCIETY. 

Ogden Hoffman, President ; Wm. H. Johnson, Treasurer ; 
Charles R. Swords, Secretary : R. E. Mount, Jr., Assistant 
Secretary. 



THE NEW-YORK FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

The department now comprises 45 engine companies, 
54 hose companies, 13 hook and ladder companies, and 3 
hydrant companies, numbering in all 3,137 members. The 
strongest engine company is No. 14, whii-h includes 70 
members ; the greatest number of members in any one of 
the hose companies is 25 ; in any one of the hook and 
ladder companies, 30; and the most numerous hydrant 
company is No. 3, which has 30 members. 

The whole number of active firemen is 2,731. 



124 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 



MISCELLAiS^EOUS ITEMS. 

CITY PAKKS. 

In addition to those more fully described at p. 62, but 
■which our limits merely allow us to mention in this place, 
are Madison, Hamilton, Bloomingdale, and Manhattan 
Squares. The location of several of these may be seen 
b}^ referring to the map. 

TABLE 

Exhibiting the aggregate number and value of horses 
employed in different occxipations in New-York : 

KO.- VALUE. 

Horses employed in omnibuses and 

rail-cars, 7,000 $700,000 

Horses emplo3'^ed in hacking, 3,500 525,000 

Horses owned b}^ licensed cartmen, 4,000 400,000 

Grocers' horses, 2,500 260,000 

Foreign express horses, 260 65,000 

City express horses, 40 3,000 

Horses owned by milkmen, 1,200 120,000 

Horses owned by soda-water manu- 
facturers, 210 21,000 

Bakers' horses, 700 84,000 

Horses owned by ice-dealers, 250 35,000 

Horses employed in trucking, 60 15,000 

Scavengers' horses, 120 12,000 

Ash and dirt-cart horses, 1,500 135,000 

Pedlars' horses 500 25,000 

Butchers' horses, 760 105,000 

Total, 22,540 $2,495,000 

THE PAVEMENTS. 

The citizens of New- York, weary at length of being 
jolted over the old-fashioned pavements of cobble-stones 
which still maintain iiossession of most of the streets, 
determined to find relief. In 1846, a great improvement 
was made by the introduction of what was called, from 



BOUNDARIES OF WARDS. 125 

the name of its inventor, the Russ pavement; and which, 
thus far, has met all the opposition of heat and cold, sud- 
den changes, and immense use, without injury. 

The plan, however, is very expensive. It requii'es 
large blocks of stone about ten inches in depth, laid dia- 
gonally with the wheel track, and resting on a substratum 
of concrete, which again rests upon a foundation of granite 
chips ; the whole forming a consolidated mass eighteen 
inches thick, so arranged as to afford access to the gas and 
water pipes. It has been fairly tested on Broadway. 
Another pavement is called, also from the name of its in* 
ventor, the Perriiie. The peculiarity of th:s consists in 
combining a smooth wheel-track with a rough way for 
the horses, as may be seen, should there be any 3'et remain- 
ing, in Broadway, between Franklin street and Canal. 

Tiie cobble-stone portion of the Perrine is to be replaced 
with granite blocks, laid by Deghue ; an expei'iment, the 
success of wiiich is yet to be achieved. 

The cost of the Deghue is $3 85 a yard ; that of the 
Perrine, about $0 00 ; while the Rus«, costing nearly as 
much as both together, is probably the cheapest of the 
three. 

BOUNDARIES OF WARDS. 

First Ward. — Bounded, south, by Battery ; east, by East 
river ; north, by Maiden Lane and Liberty street ; west, 
by West street. 

Second. — Bounded, south, by Maiden Lane and Liberty 
street ; west, by Broadway ; north-west, by Park Row ; 
north-east, by Spruce and Ferry streets and Peck Slip ; 
east, by Easti river. 

TJiird. — Bounded, south, by Liberty street ; west, by West 
street ; north, by Reade street ; east, by Broadway. 

Fourth. — Bounded, south-westerly, by Spruce street. Ferry 
street, and Peck Slip ; east, by South street ; and north- 
easterly, by Cathaiine street. 

Fifth. — Bounded, south, by Reade street ; west, by West 
street ; north-easterl}'', by Canal street ; east, by Broad- 
way. 

Sixth. — Bounded, south, by Park Row and Chatham street ; 
11* 



126 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

east, by Bowery ; north, by Walker and Canal streets ; 
west, by Broadway. 

Seventh. — Bounded, south-westerly, by Catharine street; 
north-westerly, by Division aud Grand streets; east, 
by East river ; south-westerly, by South street. 

Eighth. — Bounded, south, by Canal street ; west, by West 
street ; north, by Hamersley and Houston ; east, by 
Broadway. 

Ninth. — ^Bounded, south, by Hamersley street ; east, by 
Hancock and Bleecker streets, and Sixth Avenue ; north, 
by Fourteenth street. 

Tenth. — Bounded, west, by Bowery ; north, by Rivington 
street, east, by Norfolk street; south-easterly, by 
Division street. 

Eleventh. — Bounded, west, by Avenue B and Clinton 
street ; south, by Rivington street ; east, by East river ; 
north, by Fourteenth street. 

Twelfth. — Bounded, south, by Eighty-sixth street ; west, 
by North River ; east, by East river, (including Ward's 
and Randall's Island ;) north, by Harlem river, and 
Spuyten Duyvil's Creek. 

Thirteenth. — Bounded, south, by Division and Grand 
streets ; west, by Norfolk street ; north, by Rivington 
street ; east, by East street. 

Fourteenth. — Bounded, south, by Walker and Canal 
streets ; west, by Broadway ; north, by Houston street ; 
east, by Broadway. 

Fifteenth. — ^Bounded, north, by Houston street ; west, by 
Hancock and Bleecker streets and Sixth Avenue ; north, 
by Fourteenth street. 

Sixteenth. — Bounded, south, by Fourteenth street; west, 
by North river; north, by Twenty-sixth street; east, by 
Sixth Avenue. 

Seventeenth. — Bounded, south, by Rivington street ; east, 
by Clinton street and Avenue B ; north, by Fourteenth 
street ; west, by Bowery and Fourth Avenue. 



TABLE OF DISTANCES. 



127 



Eighteenth. — Bounded, south, by Foui'teenth street; west, 
by Sixth Aveuue ; North, by Fortieth street ; east, ^y 
East river. 

Nineteenth. — Bounded, south, by Fortieth street ; west, 
by North river ; north, by Eighty-sixth street ; east, by 
East river, including Blackwell's Island. 

Twentieth. — ^Boimded, south, by Twenty-sixth street ; west, 
by North river ; north, by Fortieth street ; east, by 
Sixth Aveuue. 



STAGE LINES. 

Harlem an^ Yorkville, every half hour, from 23 Chatham 

street. 
Astoria and Yorkville, every hour, from 23 Chatham 

street. 
Bloomingdale and Manhattanville, leaves every 40 minutes, 

from Tryon's Row, corner of Chatham street. 
Jamaica, L. I., Newtoion and Flushing, leaves Fulton Ferry, 

Brooklyn. 
Rodin, Manhassct, Great Keck and Little Neck, from 340 

Pearl street. 

DISTANCES FROM THE CITY HALT. TO DIFFERENT 
PUBLIC PLACES IX THE CITT, ETC. 



From the City Hall. MUes. 

To the Battery, south end, 1 

" north do. f 

To foot of Cortlandt st, -^ 

" Barclay st., f 

" Chambers st., ^ 

" Canal st., 1 

To the Old State Prison 

dock, U 

To Fort Gansevoort, . . 2 
To the Prot. Epis. Tlieo. 

Seminary, 24^ 

To the House of Refuge, 2| 

To Bellevue, 2^ 

To the Dry Dock, ... 2 



From the City Hall. Miles. 
To Corlaers' Hook, . . 1^ 
To Catharine st. Ferry, . ^ 
To Fulton St. Ferry, " . . | 
To Brooklj^n, foot of Ful- 
ton St., 1 

To Brooklyn, foot of At- 
lantic St., 2 

To Brooklyn, Citv Hall, 2 
To U. S. Navy YaVd, . . 1^ 
To Williamsburg, ... 2 
To -Jersey Citv, .... 1^ 
To Hoboken, "'.... 2 
To Harlem, 8 



128 



CITY OF NEW-YORK, 



TABLE OF DISTANCES IX NEW- YORK. 



From 
Rector street, 
Fulton, 
Warren, 
Leonard, 
Canal, 
Spring, 
Houston, - 
Fourth, 
Ninth, 
Fourteenth, 
Seventeenth, 
Twenty-fourth, - 
Twenty-ninth, - 
Thirty-fourth, 
Thirty-eighth, - 
Forty-fourth, 
Forty-ninth, 
Fifty-fourth, 
Fifty-eighth, 
Sixty -third. 
Sixty-eighth, 
Seventy-third, - 
Seventy-eighth, - 
Eighty-third, 
Eighty-eighth, - 
Kinety-third, 
Ninety-eighth, - 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 
One Hundred and 



Second, - 
Seventh, 
Seventeenth, - 
Twenty-first, - 
Twenty-sixth, 
Thirty-sixth, - 
Fortieth, 
Forty-fifth, - 
Fifty-fifth, - 



To the 


To the 


To the 


City Hall. 


Battery. 


Exch. 


- 


•J mile. 


- 


i 


i 


- 


f 


i 


- i 


1 


f 


- i 


H 


1 


- f 


H 


n 


- 1 


If 


H 


- H 


2 


If 


- H 


2i 


2 


- If 


H 


2i 


- 2 


2f 


n 


- n 


3 


2f 


- 2i 


H 


3 


- 2f 


H 


H 


- 3 


3f 


H 


- 3i 


4 


3f 


- 3i 


H 


4 


- 3f 


H 


4+ 


- 4 


4f 


44 


- 4i 


5 


4f 


- 4i 


5i 


5 


- 4f 


54- 


5i 


- 5 


5f 


5i 


- H 


6 


5f 


- 5i 


6i 


6 


- 5f 


H 


6i 


- 6 


6f 


6i 


- 6i 


1 


6f 


- 6i 


U 


7 


- 7 


n 


7i 


- n 


8 


'7f 


- n 


H 


8 


- 8 


81 


8i 


- H 


9 


8f 


H 


9ir 


9 


. 9 


9f 


9^ 



OMNIBUS ROUTES. 

PROPRIETORS. ROUTES. 

f From W. 48th, cor. Av. 9fch, through Av, 9th 
TTirwri St Brown J ^° Hudsoti, through H udson to Canal, through 

ivipp at Drown, ^ ^.^^^^^jj ^.^ Broadway, dowa Broadway to Bowl- 

l iug Green. 

C From 42d, Av. 6fh, down 42d to Av. 7, down 

Kipp & Brown, < Av. 7 to Christopher, down Greenwich to Jer- 

( sey City Ferry. 

rFrom Grand street Ferry through Cannon to 

Geor<»ft W Holman ^'^' t^^''0^=^'' ^d to Av. C, up Av, C to 14th, up 
In iioiman I ^^^^ ^^ ^^ 3 ^,^ ^^_ 3 ^^ geth to Broadway, up 

*^ '^"•' Broadway to 32d, to Hudson R. R. Depot, to 

I the Crystal Palace. 

■n „, i„ » /-. \ From Second Av. and 34th to 14th to Broad- 

Reynolds & Greene, j ^^^ ^^ g^^^l^^y ^^^^^^ F^,.^y_ 

Siney, McLelland &. S From 31st, Av. 9, to 14th, thence to Broadway, 
Richardson, ) thence to South Ferry. 

PiiHis A- PnhArta i ^rom East 32d, down Av. 4th to Broadway, 

ruuis & Kooeris,. . . . | ^^^^^ Broadway and Whitehall to South Ferry. 

CorneU & Forshav \ ^'^^^ ^- '^'^'^ '^"^ ^- ''^'^' ^"^'^ Broadway 
Corneu&i'orsnay,.. | ^^^^ vVhitehali to South Ferry. 

{From E. 42d and Av. 3d to the Bowery, down 
the Boweiy to Chatham, down Chatham to 
Hroadway, down Broadway to Whitehall, 
down Whitehall to South Ferry. 

rFrom W. 31st, (Hudson R. R. Depot,) cor. Av. 

I loth, to W. 14th, up W. 14th to Greenwich, 

Lugar, Owens &. Ap- J down Greenwich to Spring, through Spring to 

pleby, ; Broadway, d iwn Broadway to Broome, up 

I Broome to Bowery, down Bowery to Catharine 
I. Ferry. 

( From W. .Mst down A v. 10th to W. 2.3d, 

John H. Clark, < thence to Av. 4th, thHuc*" Bowery and Chatham, 

f Broadway and Wall street Ferry. 

f From E. 16th through Av. B to Tenth, through 
^, V, o c -41 / Tenth to A v. A, through Av. A to Eighth, 

Murpny & &mitn,. . . < through Eighth and Astor Place to Broadway, 

Ldown Broadway and Whitehall to South Ferry. 

I From W. 34th, cor. Av. 6th, down Av. 6th to 
Young & Ward,. . . < and through Eighth to Broadway, down 
( Broadway and Whitehall to South Ferry. 



130 CITY OF NEW-YOKK. 

( From W. 46th, cor. Av. 6th, down Av. 6th to 

Young & Ward, \ and through Ninth to Broadway, down Broad- 

( way and Whitehall to South Ferry. 

f From Tenth, cor. Av. 0, through Tenth to Av. 
i D, through Av. D to Lewis, through Lewis 
Mackrell & Simpfion, <( and Grand to East Broadway, down East 
I Broadway, Chatham, Broadway, and VVhite- 
Lhall, to iiouth Ferry. 

(From VV. 42d down Av. 7th, Greenwidi Av., to 
Marshall & Town- j and tlirough Av. 6th to Amity, through Amity 

send, ] to Broadway, down Broadway to and through 

I Fulton to Fulton Ferry. 

f From W. 42d cor. Av. 5'h, through Av. 5th to 

I W. 13th, tluongh W. 13th to University Place, 

Bolster, Andrews &j through tlnivcrsiry Place to W. llth, through 

McDonald, ; W. 1 Ith to Hroadway, down Broadway to P'ul- 

Ltou, down Fulton to the Ferry. 

f From Av. C, cor. Tenth, through Tenth to Av. 

T!, „„,^„ c n„„..c I '^5 throu>4h Av. D to Columbia and Grand 

Jimmerson& Beers,. ^^J ^,^^ Bowery, down ihe B,.wery Chatham, 

I Broadway, and Whitehall to South Ferry. 

f From Av. I, cor. E. 28th, through Av. 1 to 
Andrews, Walmsley ; Allen, through Riviugton to the Bi.'wery,down 

&. Co., I the Bowery to Chatham, Chatham to the South 

I Ferry. 

M,irnv,^ ji. pivr^r, ') ^"^"^ llarleui Bridge down Av. 3d, Bowery and 
Murphy & Flynn,.. . j (i^atham to Barnum's Museum. 

T J. TV 11 » /^ ^ From Manh;ittanvi!le. down the Bowery and 

Lutz, Doll & Co.,. . . . j ^>hatham to Tryon Row. 

("From Eleventh near Av. C, through Av. C to 
gj ,, „ (J. ) Houston, tlirough Houston to the Bowery, 

bumow & .. mey, , . . . -| ^^^^^ j,^g Bowery, Chatham, Broadway, and 

L Whitehall, to South Feriy. 

T 1 Ti TA- 1 J- « C From E. filst and Av. 3d, down Av. 3d, Bow- 
John B. Dingledien &> ^..^^ ^^,^j Chatham to Pearl, through Pearl to 
'-'°-' ( Peek Slip and South to Burling Slip. 

fFrom Wiliiamshurg Ferry, through Gr-rind 
William Tyson & J to and down Broadway lo Canal, through 

Co, ] Can:d lo Greenwich, down Greenwich to 

LCourtlandt, to Jersey City Ferry. 

-,.,„, „ ^From Twenty-Third, down Av. 8!h, to and 

i'lnch, banaerson « l ^,j^j,q^j^,^ ^31^^^.],^^ ^^ Broadway, down Broad- 

^^•' ^ way and Whitehall to South Ferrj-. 

fFrom W. 42d down A v. 8th to Fourth, down 
Finch, Sanderson & ! to Av. 6tb, through Carmine, Bedford, Hous- 

Co., I ton, to Broadway, to Maiden Lane, to Fulton 

L Ferry. 



CITY CARS. 



131 



{From Houston street Ferry, through Second, 
Bowery, and Bleecker to Broiidway, down 
Broartway to and through Courtlandt to Jersey 
City Ferry. 

f From One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth street, 
fi\,^^Ar.r, tr vt,mo,-A J ^or. Av. 4th, through One Hundred and 
anewon s. iiynara,..^ Twenty-Fifth to Av. 8th and ftrComb's Dam to 

I the High Bridge. 



William Tyson & Co., 



From Williamsburg Ferry through Grand 
street to the eastern side of Broadway. 

fFrora Crystal Palace through Forty-Fourth 
street to Madison Av., down Madison Av. to 



Dewey, Dingeldien &- J Thirtieth street to Third Av., down Third Av., 



Co., 



Bowery and Chatham street to Pearl street, 
down Pearl street to Peck Slip, and South 
.street to Burling Slip. 



CITT CARS. 

The order observed in mentioning the various lines, is 
taken from the date of their respective charters. 

Harlpm romnanv'<* C From Park Row to Centre street, through 
p-t p« ^ I Centre to Grand, through Grand to Bowery, up 

vviiy K^ais ^ Bowery to Fourth Avenue and 27th street. 

f From Chambers street, up West Broadway to 

Sixth Avenue Cars. Canal, along Canal to Varick, up Vaiick to 

J^°To Crystal Pal-<( Sixth Avenue and 51st street. (Some of the 

ace, I Cars of this line start from corner of Broad- 

Iway and Canal.) 

From Chambers street, through West Broad- 
way to Canal street, througti Canal to Hud- 
son, up Hudson to Eighth Avenue and up 
Eighth Avenue to 51st stretrt. (Some of the 

I cars of this line also start from the comer of 

I. Broadway and Canal street.) 

J Park Row, Bowery, Third Avenue and 61st 
( street. 

rFrom Peck Slip, along South street to Oliver, 

I through Oliver to Chatham Square, through 

Bowery to Grand, along Grand to Allen as far 

_. ,„ ., j as First Avenue,up First Avenue to 23d street, 

riret and Second Av., ij^ thence on Second Avenue to Harlem. 

(Returning, pass through Second Avenue, 

Christy, Grand, Bowery. Chatham, and Pearl 

[ streets.) 



Eighth Avenue. 



Third Avenue. 



LOCATION OF PIEKS. 



»Io.l, 


" 2, 


" 4, 


" 5, 


" T, 


" 8, 


" 9, 


" 10, 


"11, 


"12, 


"13, 


"14, 


"15, 


"IT, 


"18, 


"19, 


"20, 


"21, 


"22, 


"23, 


"25, 


"26, 


"27, 


"28, 


"29, 



NORTH 


RIVER 






foot Battery Place. 


No. 30, bet. Duane & Jay. 


3, bet. Battery PI. & Morris. 


"31, 


foot Jay. 


foot .\J orris. 


"32, 




Harrison. 


6, 6^, bet. Morris & Rector. 


"33, 




Franklin. 


foot Rector. 


"34, 




North Moore. 


8|, bet. Rector & Carlisle. 


"35, 




Beach. 


foot Carlisle. 


"36, 




Hubert. 


" Albany. 


"37, 




Vestry. 


bet. Albany & Cedar. 


"37i, " 


Desbrosses. 


foot Cedar. 


"38, 


^i 


Watts. 


" Liberty. 


"39, 


40, 


foot CanaL 


bet Liberty & Cortlandt. 


"41, 


foot Spring. 


16, foot Cortlandt. 


"42, 


bet 


Spring & Charlton 


bet. Cortlandt & Dey. 


"43, 


foot Charlton. 


foot Dey. 


"44, 




King. 


" Fulton. 


"45, 




Hamersley. 


bet. Fulton & Vesey. 


"46, 




Clarkson. 


foot Vesey. 


"47, 




Morton. 


bet. Vesey & Barclay. 


"48, 




Christopher. 


24, foot Barclay. 


"49, 




Amos. 


foot Robinson. 


"50, 




Charles. 


foot Murray. 


"51, 




Perry. 


" Warren. 


"52, 




Hammond- 


" Chambers. 


"53, 




Bank. 


" Duane. 


"54, 




Troy. 


EAST 


RIVER. 







No.l, 2, foot Whitehall. 
" 3, " More. 
" 4, bet. More & Broad. 
" 5, " Broad & Coenties slip 
" 6, 7, 8, Coenties slip. 
" 9, 10, bet. Coenties & Old slips. 
"11,12, Old slip. 
"13, b OUl si. & Gouverneur's la. 
" 14, foot Jones' lane. 
"15, 16, foot Wall. 
" 17, foot Pine. 
"18, " Maiden lane. 
"19, " Fletcher. 
"20, 21, foot Burling slip. 
"22, " Fulton. 

"23, " Beekman. 

" 24, bet. Beekman & Peck slip. 
" 25, 26, foot Peck slip. 
" 27, foot Dover. 
" 28, bet. Dover & Roosevelt. 
" 29, foot Roosevelt. 
" 80, bet. Roosevelt & James. 



"81, 82, foot James' slip. 
"33, " Oiiver. 

"34,35, " Catharine. 
"36,37, " Market. 
" 38, (Z Ring's) bet. Market & 

Pike slip. 
"39, 40, foot Pike. 
"41, (Sectional dock,) bet. Pike 

& Rutgers- 
" 42, 43, foot Rutgers. 
" 44, " Jefferson. 

" 45, " Clinton. 

" 46, bet. Clinton & Montgomery. 
" 47, foot Montgomery. 
" 48, not built. 
" 49, foot Gouverneur's slip. 
" 50, not built. 
"51, 52, foot Walnut. 
"53,44, " Grand. 
"55,56, " Broome. 
" 57, " Delancey. 

i " 58, bet. Rivington & Stanton. 



THE CRYSTAL PALACE. 

The Site. — The site of the Palace is Reservoir Square, 
being the unoccupied half of a plot of ground 1,000 feet long 
by nearly 500 wide, reserved by the city for the purpose in- 
dicated by its name. It is four miles from the Batter}^ and 
three and a quarter from the City Hall, but most con- 
veniently located with reference to travel. The depots of 
tlie Sixth Avenue, the Eighth Avenue, and the Harlem 
Railroads, and the upper termini of some dozen lines of 
stages, are in the immediate neighborhood ; so that for 
five or six cents one may reach the place from any part 
of New- York, and, with the addition of ferriage, from the 
remotest sections of Brooklyn, Williamsburg and Jersey 
City, without so much as two minutes' walking. 

Two years ago, the mile square which is now the 
busiest portion of the city was almost a solitude. A walk 
to the Croton Reservoir involved a country ramble. There 
were acres of gardens; vacant blocks overgrown with 
stramonium or heaped with the refuse coal ashes of the 
town ; old hedges that once marked the boundaries of 
farms, and dftelies of stagnant water arrested the pedes- 
trian, and sent him a long retrograde journey to some of 
the few graded streets. Twenty blocks southward was the 
red line of the built-up city, advancing like fire on a 
prairie against the wind, and devouring with its brick-and- 
mortar jaws every green thing in its way. East and west 
were broad open spaces, dotted with a few old houses, and 
l)ounded by the settled portions of the Third and Eighth 
Avenues ; "while on the north, three or four public institu- 
tions were the only signs of habitation. 

The Plan. — After securing the ground and appointing 
aundry officers, the next proceeding in order was to 
procure plans for the building. Sir Joseph Paxton, the 
architect of the London Crystal Palace, furnished one of 
singular beauty, but the shape of the ground upon which 
it was to be placed rend«ered its adoption impossible. 
Many other plans were offered, of much beauty and origiu- 
12 



134 CITY OF NEW-YORK. 

ality, and well adapted to the purpose, from wliich the 
one finally adopted, designed by George J. B. Carstensen 
and Charles Gildeineister, architects, was selected. This 
plan was chosen on the 26th of August, 1852. On the 4th 
of September, the masonry contracts were signed, and on 
the 25th of the same month, the principal part of the iron 
work had been contracted for. The contracts for the 
mason work specified that the foundations were to be 
ready for the erection of the iron work on the 21st of 
October ; as at that time the delivery of the iron work 
was to commence. 

The piece of ground upon which the Crystal Palace is 
to be exhibited being nearly square, its shape is unfavor- 
able for architectural purposes. In other respects, no 
better spot could be found in the city. The main features 
of the building are as follows: It is, with the exception 
of the floor, entirely constructed of iron and glass. The 
general idea of the edifice is a Greek cross, surmounted by 
a dome at the intersection. Each diameter of the cross 
measures 365 feet 5 inches long. 

Content. — ^The building contains, on the ground floor, 
111,000 square feet of space, and in its galleries, which are 
54 feet wide, 62,000 square feet more, making a total area 
of 173,000 square feet for the purposes of exhibition. 
There are thus on the ground floor two acres and a hal^ 
or exactly 2 52-100 ; in the galleries one acre and 44-100. 
Total, within an inconsiderable fraction, four acres. 

Columns. — There are on the ground floor 190 octagonal 
cast iron columns, 21 feet above the floor, and 8 inches 
diameter, cast hollow, of different thicknesses, from half 
an inch to one inch. These columns receive the cast iron 
girders. The second story contains 148 columns, of the 
same shape as those below, and 17 feet 1 inches high. 
The dome is supported by 24 columns. 

The Iron. — The quantity of iron to be used for the build- 
ing amounts to about 1,250 tons. The roof covers an area 
of 144,000 square feet, and is in part tinned. 

TuE Glass. — The glass for the Crystal Palace was made 
at Camptown, N. J. The Managers made a contract for 
40,000 feet, one eighth of an inch thick. The glass is 
enamelled by a new process, which saves the necessity of 
covering it with cloth, as had to be done in the Crystal 



THE CRYSTAL PALACE. 135 

Palace at London, The enamel is laid npon the glass in a 
fluid state with a brush, and aftei- being dried, it is sub- 
jected to the intense heat of the kiln, which vitrefies the 
coating, rendering it as fixed and durable as tiie glass 
itself. It has an etfeet simihir to that produced by gfound 
glass, being translucent, but not transparent. 

The Fountaln's. — In the centre of the Palace rises a 
beautiful cryttal fountain ; and in other parts of the build- 
ing small fountains of cologne and essences perfume the 
air. 

General Effect. — On entering the building, the ob- 
server's eye will be greeted by the vista of an arched 
nave, 41 feet wide, 67 feet high, and 365 feet long ; while 
on approaching the centre, he will find himself under a 
dome 100 feet across, and 118 feet high. Tlic aspect 
of the building is entirely different from that of the 
London Crystal Palace. Its form affords the requisite 
scope for a pleasing variety of architecturid embellish- 
ment, by which all monotony can be avoided, and allows 
a very ecouomical use of the ground. The rising dome, 
independent of its effect in the interior arrangement of 
the edifice, will gi e lieight and majesty. 

Motive-Power. — Steam, as a motive-power for the 
machinery, is generated in a building acrv^ss Forty-second 
street, and is conveyed under the street to the building in 
which it is to be applied. 

The Machinery Department is in a building adjoining, 
but independent of the Palace. The edifice for ihe pur- 
pose is seen between the Palace and the Reservoir, with 
wings at each end. The main building is about 400 feet 
long, by 24 wide, and 50 high, divided into two stories, 
and covered with glass. The v/ings are each 100 feet 
long, by 27 wide, and one story high, and, together with 
the first story of the main building, are filled with moving 
machinery ; thus making a grand hall of mechanism of 
(ioO feet in length. This building also serves to separate 
the Reservoir and the Palace. 



BOOKSTORE 

OF 

C. S. FEANCIS & CO., 

BOOKSELLERS, PUBLISHERS, AND IMPORTERS, 

252 BROADWAY. 

Strangers, as well as Citizens, will find this a pleasant place of re- 
sort at all times of day and evening. 

The Bookstore is supplied with all the publications of the day, as 
well as a large stock of Standard Books, Engiish and American. In- 
dividuals or Libraries supplied with every book in the market. 

C. S. F, & Co. are agents for the principal Reviews and Magazines 
published in the United States, and they import all the British periodi- 
cals, of which a list may be had on application. They also have an 
Agency in London, and import books by every steamer. Orders sent 
out weekly, and filled with expedition and cheapness. 

Their CIRCULATING LIBRARY is the largest in the city, and is 
constantly increasing, by the addition of all new publications, and a 
large number of periodicals regularly received. Books are loaned by 
the single volume, or by the month, quarter, or year. 

C. S. F. & Co. are the publishers of The Life and Writings of SIR 
WALTER SCOTT, consisting of his Life, by Lockhart, in 4 vols. ; his 
Poems, in 6 vols. ; and the Waverley Novels and Tales, 27 vols. The 
Poetical Works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Mrs. Hemans, Mrs. Nor- 
ton, Mrs. Browning ; the Writings of Maria Child, and many other 
valuable books. 

They keep a very extensive assortment of Books for Young People, 
and are constantly receiving new books in this department, both Eng- 
lish and American. They publish the works of Maria Edgeworth, 
Hans Christian Andersen, Mary Howitt, Maria Child, Charles and 
Mary Lamb, Mrs. Oilman, ^'<rs, Hofland, and other approved writers 
for Children. 

Stationery of all kinds for sale. 




BOOKSTORE. Page ISO. 



CITY OF BROOKLYN. 



This town, the whole of which is now included within 
the corporation of the city of Brooklyn, lies upon the ex- 
treme western part of Long Island, opposite the southern 
portion of the city of New- York, and separated therefrom 
by the East river, which is here about three quarters of a 
mile in width. The pure air and delightful prospects of 
Brooklyn render it a favorite place of residence to persons 
doing business in New- York, and it is nearer to the busi- 
ness centres of the latter than residences in the upper part 
of the city; and these things have contributed to give 
it a very rapid growth. The increase of population from 
1830 to 1840 was 20,837. Its present popiUation is about 
97,000. 

The name conferred upon this town by the Dutch was 
Breucklen, (or broken land ;) and in the act for dividing 
the province into counties and towns, passed November 1, 
1(>85, it is called Breucklyn ; nor does the present appella- 
tion appear to have been generally adopted until after the 
Revolution. Many changes have doubtless taken place 
upon the shore, and it is believed that Governor's Island 
was formerly connected with Red Hook Point. It is well 
known that, a short period previous to the War of Inde- 
pendence, cattle were driven across what is called Butter- 
milk Channel, now sufficiently deep to afford passage to 
vessels of the largest class. The first European settler in 
this town is supposed to have been George Jansen de 
Rapelje, at the AYaalboght, or Waaloons Bay, during the 
Directorship of Peter Minuit, under the charter of the AYest 
India Company, In a record in the possession of the family 



138 CITY OP BROOKLYN. 

of the late Jeremiah Johnson, Esq., it is stated that the first 
child of Rapelje was Sarah, born in 1625 — unquestionably 
the first wliite child born upon Long Island. AV'atson says 
she was born on the 9th of June, and honored as the first- 
born child of the Dutch settlers ; also that, in consideration 
of such distinction, and of her widowhood, she was after- 
wards presented with a tract of land at the Wallabout. In 
the journal of the Dutch Council in 1656, it is related that 
" the widow Hans Hansen, the first-born Christian daugh- 
ter in New-Netherlands, burdened with seven children, 
petitions for a grant of a piece of meadow, in addition to 
the twenty morgen granted to her at the Waale-Boght." 
A few of the other associates of De Rapelje were Le Es- 
cuyer, Duryee, La Sillier, Cershow, Conscillaer, Musserol; 
these, with some changes in the mode of spelling, are still 
found among us. It apjiears by the Dutch records, that in 
1634, a part of the land at Red Hook was the property of 
Wouter Van Twiller, being one of the oldest titles in the 
town. The earliest deed for land was from Governor 
Kieft to Abraham Rycken, in 1638. 

The city is regularly laid out, and the streets — with the 
exception of Fulton street, the oldest in the city — are gene- 
rally straight, ciossing each other at right angles, and are 
from fifty to sixty feet wide, and a number of them have 
greater width. A large number of the streets, including 
all within the most tliickly settled parts, are paved and 
lighted. Many of the streets are bordered with trees, 
giving the place a peculiarly rural aspect. Fulton v^treet, 
originally narrow in its lower portion, has been amply 
widened, and is bordered with ranges of lofty brick stores, 
and presents a comman<ling entrance to the city. No city 
in the country', of its extent, is better built than Brooklyn, 
and many of its houses are distinguished for a chaste ele- 
gance, and some of them are splendid. Brooklyn, as laid 
out by the commissioners a})pointed b}' the State Legis- 
lature, is sutficiently large to become another London. 
The tliickly settled parts have no public squares or open 
grounds ; and though some have been laid out within the 
city bounds, they are not in such locations as to add, at 
present, to its beauty or its comfort. Many of its princi- 
pal avenues, however, have a commanding width, and its 
whole appearance is open and airy ; and its great extent, 



CITY OF BROOKLYN. 139 

and the mixny fine situations presented in its outer parts, 
will piobably L,ug prevent it from being uncomfortably 
crowded in ihe portions now most, thickly settled. 

Brooklyn was incorporated as a village in 1816, and as 
a city, with gre-itly extended limits, in 183i. It is 
divided into nine ward^, and is governed by a Mayor and 
a Board of eighteen aldermen, two from Citch ward, all 
elected by the people. 

Brooklyn was iirst settled in 1636, but it did not choose 
regular magistrates until 1746, though some kind of 
authority was previously established. The first liouse for 
public worship, which was a Dutch church, was erected in 
1666. Six years previous to this, the Rev. Henricus Sel- 
wyn had been installed in Brooklyn, with a salary of 600 
guilders, or '$24:0, one half of which was paid by the in- 
habitants, and the other half by Fathei'land, or Holland. 

FORTIFICATIONS. 

There are some remains of fortifications which were 
tlii'own up by both armies during the Revolutionary War, 
which may still be traced on the hills in the back parts of 
Brooklyn. The principal of these is Fort Greene. This 
was originally a 'arge fort. Many of the embankments 
were repaired daring the war of 1812, and may still be 
distinctl}'^ traced. It is one of the most interesting spots 
in the vicinity of New-York. 

TSIE CITY HALL. 

At the junction of Court and Fulton streets, one mile 
from the Fulton Ferry, is a fine structure built of white 
marble from the quarries of Westchester, and of the lonie 
order. Its length is 162 feet, its depth 102 feet, and its 
height to the top of cornice 75 feet. The height to the 
top of the cupola is 153 feet. The building is on one side 
of a triangular park. Its cost was about $200,000. 

THE POST OFFICE 

Is situated in C mrt street, opposite the City Hall, and 
is a creditable building, wuU adapted for its purpose. 
The mail ber,\veen Brooklyn and 2s'e\v-York arrives and 
departs many times in the day ; the exact hours, which 
Vi.ry at different seasons, may be learned on reference to 
tlie Brooklyn Oitv Directorv. 



140 CITY OF BROOKLYN. 

THE MANSION HOUSE. 

This House is situated on Hicks street, Brooklyn 
Heights, midway between Fulton and Wall street Ferries. 
It commands a view of the Bay of Kew-York and the 
country around, and is only ten minutes from the Ex- 
change, via Wall street ferry. It has been enlarged and 
newly fitted up expressl}'' for transiewt or permanent 
boarders. Omnibuses pass every five minutes, to and 
from the different ferries. It is a pleasant house, plea- 
santly situated, and furnishes Jiccommodation for 250 
guests. 

THE GLOBE HOTEL, 

No, 244 Fulton street, occupies a front embracing four 
lofty and well-built houses, and is conveniently situated, 
being near the City Hall, Post Office, an'd other public 
buildings. This hotel is much frequented b}'' officers of 
the Navy. It contains about 100 rooms, and is a popular, 
well-ordered house. Omnibuses for Fulton Ferry pa:^s the 
door every few minutes. 

THE BROOKLYN ATllENiEUM. 

The Athenaeum and Reading-room has been erected by 
subscriptions, mostly from persons who reside in what is 
known as South Brooklyn. It is situated on the corner of 
Atlantic and Clinton streets ; is 80 feet by 90 feet ; three 
stories in height, built of brick, with brown stone facings, 
and cost $60,000. The first floor is arranged for mercantile 
purposes. On the second floor is a lai^ge, well-lighted and 
commodious reading-room, an excellent library-room, and 
a number of private rooms. The third floor is a lecture- 
room or concert-hall, which is capable of seating about 
2,000 people. 

THE BROOKLYN SAYINGS BANK, 

On the corner of Fulton and Concord streets, is a beau- 
tiful building of cut freestone, having a remarkably neat 
and attractive appearance. The institution is managed 
by careful men, and is in a prosperous condition. 

THE LYCEUM, 

On the corner of Washington and Concord streets, is a 
fine granite building, containing the City Library and that 
intended for the use of apprentices. The building also 
contains a commodious, well-arranged lecture-room. 



CITY OF BROOKIiYN. 141 



ATLidVTIC DOCK. 

The Company which own this extensive work was in- 
corporated in May, 18-iO, with a capital of $1,000,000. 
The shares are one hundred dollars e«ch. It is situated 
on the water-front of the Sixth Ward of Brooklyn, below 
the South Ferry, within " Red Hook Point," the outside 
pier extending 3,000 feet on " Buttermilk Channel." The 
basin within the piers contains about forty-two acres, 
with a sufficient depth of water to accommodate the 
largest ships. On the piers there are large warehouses, 
many of which are of great strength. Some improvement 
of this kind was needed, by the crowded state, of the 
docks around New-York city, and the difficulty of finding 
suitable berths to unload vessels with heavy cargoes. 
Tlie Hamilton Ferry runs from the corner of the basin to 
the Battery in New- York. The whole work is immense, 
and is well worthy the attention of a stranger. 

THE XAVY TARD, 

A place well deserving of a visit, is situated on Walla- 
bout Bay, occupies about forty acres of land, and is sur- 
rounded on the land side by a lofty wall. The Yard is 
kept in admirable order, and may be visited every day 
except Sundays by making application at proper hours. 
For a particular description of the Naval Dry Dock at this 
place, see page (51 of this volume. 

Omnibuses convey passengers to the Yard from Fulton 
Feriy, Brooklyn side 

AX ELEG^VNT PRIVATE HOUSE. 

One of the most attractive private residences in either 
city, is that on the corner of Clinton and Remsen streets, 
occupied by Wm. Spencer, Esq. The house is of cut 
stone, in villa style, and is quite worthy of being noticed 
by the visitor, as it presents an agreeable departure from 
the srereotyped form of city residences, which are for the 
most part mere parallelograms covered with brick or 
stone. 




CHUECH OF THE SAVIOUPw. Page 143. 



CITY OF BROOKLYN. 148 

from Plymouth, Mass., inserted in the wall, and project- 
ing clearly in view. In each side of the house there are 
three large arched windows, that being the style in which 
all the windows are made. The lecture-room is cut off 
from the rear of the building, and is a very large and 
commodious room. The rear of the building presents four 
short windows below, and one large one above, and a 
small circular window in the gable, near the apex. The 
cost of the building was about $50,000. Rev. R. S. Storra, 
Jr., D.D., is the pastor. 

GRACE OHURCn, 

Brooklyn Heights, The style of this handsome edifice 
is that known as Decorated Gothic, the exterior of the 
building being of wrought stone, and presenting an at- 
tractive appearance. The interior roof and columns are 
of wood ; the whole open to the view, and exhibiting a 
complete system of framing. The nave columns have 
arch-braces supporting the centre roof, the aisle-roofs 
being arranged in like manner. The length of the nave 
inside is 85 feet, its width and height, each 60 feet The 
chancel is 28 feet by 24. In addition to the church build- 
ing, there is a chapel measuring 60 feet in length by 22 
in width. A tower is to be erected on the south-west 
corner, which, when completed, will be a conspicuous 
object from New- York City, and from various points in 
the harbor and bay. The cost of the chux'ch was $42,000, 
the ground having been purchased at $20,000. The Rev. 
Francis Vinton, D. D., is the Rector. 

CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR, (first unitarian congregational,) 

Pierrepont street, corner of Monroe Place. This church 
is built in the perpendicular Gothic style, of red sandstone: 
the walls, which are rubble, from the quarries at Nyack, 
N. J., and the ornamental portions, which are finely ham- 
mered, from those of Connecticut. The entire length of 
the building, exclusive of the front towers, which project 
eight feet, is eighty feet; and its width, exclusive of the 
buttresses on the corners, which project four feet, is sixty- 
five feet. 

The outer doors, of elaboiate tracery, open into the 
vestibule, ten feet in width, extending across the entire 



144- CITY OF BROOKLYN. 

church, with stairs to the basement, and gallei ies at either 
end. 

The roof of the nave is elegantty vaulted and groined, 
the extreme height being fifty-seven feet; that of the 
galleries is of the same style, the height being thirty feet 
from the floor of the church. 

The entire cost of the building, land, furniture, organ, 
and external items, ma}^ be stated at about thirty-six thou- 
sand dollars. 

The church was consecrated on the 24th of April, 1844, 
and the present pastor, the Rev. Frederick A. Farley, was 
installed on the following day. 

CHRIST'S CHURCH, 

Clinton street. Erected in 1842. This is a Gothic 
building of a reddish stone, about 100 feet long and 60 
feet wide. The height of the walls is about 36 feet, and 
the extreme height of the tower about 100 feet. The 
tower in front is about 24 feet square, having heavy but- 
tresses on each corner, built to the top of the roof, and 
then becoming octagons to the top, ending in four large 
pinnacles. The main entrance is in the tower, and 
smaller doors on each side in the body of the church. 
There is a large Gothic window over the main entrance. 
In the tower is a bell and clock. The body of the house 
is lighted by fifteen windows, seven on each side and one 
in the rear, with buttresses between them, running to the 
eaves, and there terminating without pinnacles. In the 
rear of the building is a lecture-room of one story, with a 
flat roof, showing above it the large pulpit window. 
On the apex of the roof in the rear there is a short stone 
cross. The cost of the edifice was about $28,000. Rev. 
E. H. Canfield is the present minister. 

FIRST REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, 

Joralemon street. Erected in 1834. This church is 
built of brick, stuccoed to represent clear white marble. 
The extreme length of the building is 111 feet, and its 
width 66 feet, and was erected at a cost of about 1^26,000. 
It is a noble-looking structui-e, and presents probably one 
of the best specimens of a Grecian temple which can be 
found in this region. Viewing the building in front, we 



CITY OF BROOKLYN. 145 

are presented with a deep pediment, supported by eight 
Ionic massive fluted pillars, standing on a platform raised 
about four feet from the ground, and two similar pillars 
within these, and nearer to the body of the house. A 
lighter pediment projects in the rear of the building, sup- 
ported also by one row of pillars. The house is lighted 
on the sides only with eight long windows, four on a side, 
with square heads. The building is unornamented, ex- 
hibiting a plain grandeur well becoming the purpose for 
which it was erected. The interior is also plain. Instead 
of a close pulpit there is a table or reading-desk, on a 
raised platform, with a sofa seat. In the rear of this is a 
fine perspective, representing a recess, with a profusion of 
pillars. It is well executed, and the illusion very perfect. 
Rev. M. W. Dwight, D. D., is the present pastor. 

PLYMOUTH CIIURCn. 

This plain but commodious building, which is to our 
mind a model of a church, is situated in Orange street, 
between Hicks and Henry ; and to it multitudes resort to 
listen to the original and powerful discourses of the Rev. 
Henry Ward Beeeher. From an occasional attendance at 
this church, we judge that it has during the past five 
years been more frequently filled to an overflow than 
almost any other church edifice in either New- York or 
Brooklyn. 

There is in the building a large and powerful organ, 
whose notes, together with the voices of the congregation, 
nearl}' all of whom join in the singing, resound through the 
large building with fine effect The cost of this church 
was about $45,000. 

FIRST PEESBTTERIAN €HURC]I 

Is in Henry street, near Clark, and is a fine, commodious 
building, having lecture and ses-ion-rooms, with every 
arrangement for the convenience of the pastor and con- 
gregation. The church is lighted by windows of clear, 
unstained glass. The Rev. Samuel H. Cox, D. D., is the 
pastor. 

DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, 

In Pierrepont street, is a large edifice, peculiar from 
being situated in the middle of a block, and having no 



146 CITY OF BEOOKLTN. 

side "windows, the want of these being obviated by a large 
circular sky-light, tastefully arranged. The church is in 
other respects conformable to the ordinary stjle. The 
Kev. George W. Bethune, D. D., is the pastor. 

SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

Fulton stz-eet, corner of Clinton street. Erected in 
183-i. This is one of the largest and most commodious 
church edifices in Brooklyn. It is built of brick and 
stuccoed, and after the Grecian model, with six heavy 
Doric pillars supporting the pediment, standing on a plat 
form raised six steps from the sidewalk. The front presents 
three lai*ge uniform doors. In each side of the building 
there are six tall windows with square tops, having flat 
pilasters between them. On the roof, back of the pedi- 
ment, there is built a wooden turret about foi-t}^ feet high, 
divided into three sections; the first being square, the 
second an octagon, and the third round ; the upper section 
having several windows. This turret is not in very good 
keeping with the building, as an imitation of a Grecian 
temple, though the effect is not bad on the whole. The 
steeple contains a fine-toned bell, altogether tlie best in 
the city. The interior of the house is plain. It contains 
about one hundred and forty pews on the lower floor, and 
has a deep gallery on three sides. The cost of the build- 
ing was about $24,000. Rev. Ichabod S. Spencer, D. D., 
is the present minister. 

ST. ANN'S CHURCH. 

No description of the churches of Brooklyn would be 
at all complete, without an especial mention of this, which 
is the oldest of their number, and perhaps the most hon- 
ored of all. 

St. Ann's is situated in Washington street, near Sands ; 
is an unpretending structure of brick; and although large 
and commodious, has very few of the decorations now 
employed in the arrangement of a modern church. The 
churchyard on Sands street is, however, an attractive 
feature, presenting to the eye, during the summer, a re- 
freshing expanse of verdure. 

Rev. Benjamin C. Cutler, D.D., is the Rector, and Rev 
J. D. Cornell the assistant minister of the church. 




SHIELD'S MONUMENT. Page 14T. 



CITY OF BROOKLYN. 147 

GBEEirWOOD CEMETERY. 

OFFICE, NO. 53 BROADWAY. 

The grounds of this institution, originally consisting of 
one hundred and seventy-five acres, now comprise three 
hundred and thirty acres. They are more extensive than 
those of any similar institution in this country or Europe, 
And are entirely free from encumbrance. 

These grounds are situated in Brooklyn, on Gowanus 
Heights, about two and a half miles from the South Ferry, 
at which place carriages may at all times be hired to con- 
vey parties to the Cemetery. Omnibuses also run to the 
Cemetery from the Fulton and South Ferries, conveying 
passengers to the entrance of the grounds for a trifling 
charge. 

The elevated portions of the Cemetery afford numerous 
and interesting views, embracing the bay and harbor of 
New-York, with its islands and forts; the cities of New- 
York and Brooklyn, the shores of the North and East riv- 
ers, New-Jersey, Staten Island, the Quarantine, numerous 
towns and villages in every direction, together with a view 
of the Atlantic Ocean reaching from Sandy Hook to the 
Pavilion at Rockaway. 

The various avenues in the grounds (exclusive of paths) 
extend ai)out fifteen miles. These, together with the prin- 
cipal hills, dells, etc., are delineated on a map of the Cem- 
etery, which is published in portable form, as a guide to 
tliose not familiar with the grounds. 

Greenwood Cemetery became a chartered institution in 
1838. Its location was the remit of a careful and exten- 
sive survey of the entire vicinity of New-York. The en- 
terprise, after four years of hard struggle, was at length 
placed upon a firm foundation, and the Cemetery was 
thrown O; en fir interments in 1842. From that time, its 
history has been one of uninterrupted progress. 

Among the noted monuments in the Cemetery, that to 
the niemo'-y of Miss Canda is worthy of especial remark, 
both for its costly beauty and for the sad storv of her 
whose ashes are here enshrined. The pilots' and firemen's 
monuments are also of deep interest; while the bronze 



148 CITY OP BKOOKLYN. 

statue of Clinton will soon take its place as anottier or- 
nament and attraction to these hallowed grounds. 

We must not fail to mention the grave of McDonald 
Clarke, the poet, nor the resting-place of Do-hum-me, that 
gentle Indian maid. Both sleep by the still waters of the 
Sylvan Lake. These and numerous other objects of inter- 
est will be pointed out to the visitor by the attentive 
driver. 

LOXG ISLAND RAILROAD 

Extends from Brooklyn to Greenport, a distance of 90 
miles. 

The whole cost of construction of the railroad, includ- 
ing the tunnel, was about $2,000,000. ' 

The tunnel under Atlantic street is 2,750 feet long, and 
cost 196,000. 

The termination of the Long Island Railroad is at the 
South Ferry, in Brooklyn, through Atlantic street. The 
land being somewhat elevated, it became necessary either 
to cut down the street, or construct a tunnel. This last 
was done. The depth at the highest part of the street is 
about 30 feet. 

TABLE OF DISTANCES. 

Comparative table of distances from Merchants' Ex- 
change, New- York, to different points in Brooklyn and 
New-York : — 



Brooklyn. 


Miles. 




New- York. 


To Fulton Ferry, 


- M 


Same distance 


as Anthony street. 


" Catharine Ferry, - 


1 


do. 


Canal 




" South " - 


- 1 


do. 


Canal 




" Jackson " 


- 1% 


do. 


Houston 




♦' Henry street, 


. 1 


do. 


Canal 




" Clinton " 


- 1>^ 


do. 


Grand 




" Court " - - - 


- 13^ 


do. 


Spring 




" Boerum " 


- 1% 


do. 


Prince 




» Smith "... 


- IK 


do. 


Houston 




•' Navy Yard, - 


- 1% 


do. 


Bond 




" Hoyt street, - 


- 1% 


do. 


Bond 




" Bond " 


lU 


do. 


Fourth 




" Powers " . . . 


. 2 


do. 


. Ninth 




" Pannenter's Garden, 


23^ 


do. 


Nineteenth" 


" Clinton Avenue, 


- 2?i 


do. 


Twenty-fourth 


" Denton street, 


3 


do. 


Twentv-n 


inth. 


" Mount Prospect, - 


- 3K 


do. 


Thirty-fourth 


" Bedford Corners, - 


3K 


do. 


Thirty-ninth. 


" Flatbush, - 


- 5 


do. 


Sixty-eighth. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




014 220 387 A 



